Year (''' MDCCCLXVIII ''') was a Leap Year Starting On Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year Starting On Monday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
: Meiji Emperor .]]
- January 3 - Meiji Emperor declares " Meiji Restoration ", his own restoration to full power, against the supporters of the Tokugawa Shogunate .
- enters Asunción , Paraguay 's capital. Some days later he declares the war is over. Nevertheless, Francisco Solano López , Paraguay 's president, prepares guerrillas fight in the countryside
- January 6 - Asa Mercer and number of new " Mercer Girls " sail from Massachusetts for West Coast - they arrive in Seattle on May 23 .
- January 10 - Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu declares emperor's declaration "illegal" and attacks Kyoto. Pro-Emperor forces drive his troops away. Shogun surrenders in May.
- January 25 - Ethiopian War. Colonel Robert Alexander Dunn , VC, accidentally shoots himself to death while marching from the coast to Magdala.
- February 13 - The War Office sanctions the formation of what will become the Army Post Office Corps .
- February 16 - In New York City the Jolly Corks organization is renamed the Benevolent And Protective Order Of Elks (BPOE).
- February 24 - The first Parade to have floats occurs at Mardi Gras in New Orleans, Louisiana .
- February 24 - After Andrew Johnson tried to dismiss United States Secretary Of War Edwin M. Stanton , he becomes the first President Of The United States to be Impeached by the United States House Of Representatives . Johnson would later be acquitted by the United States Senate .
- March 1 - The Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity is founded at the University Of Virginia .
- March 5 - A court of Impeachment is organized in the United States Senate to hear charges against President Andrew Johnson .
- March 23 - The University Of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into California law.
- March 24 - Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is formed.
- March 27 - The Lake Ontario Shore Railroad Company is organized in Oswego, New York .
: Wyoming territory.]]
: Battle Of Washita River .]]
: Battle Of Itororó .]]
: President Johnson pardons Civil War rebels.]]
- January 9 - S.P.L. Sørensen , Danish chemist (d. 1939 )
- January 11 - Cai Yuanpei , Chinese educator (d. 1940 )
- January 31 - Theodore William Richards , American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928 )
- February 10 - William Allen White , American journalist (d. 1944 )
- February 14 - Dr. Theophilus Algernon Tanner , a fictional character from the Deathlands series of books.
- February 23 - W.E.B. DuBois , American civil rights leader (d. 1963 )
- February 26 - Venceslau Brás , Brazilian president (d. 1966 )
- March 14 - Emily Murphy , Canadian woman's rights activist (d. 1933 )
- March 22 - Robert Millikan , American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953 )
- March 25 - William Lockwood , English cricketer (d. 1932 )
- March 28 - Maxim Gorky , Russian author (d. 1936 )
- April 10 - George Arliss , English actor (d. 1946 )
- April 28 - Lucy Booth , the fifth daughter of William and Catherine Booth (d. 1953 )
- May 6 - Nicholas II Of Russia (d. 1918 )
- May 6 - Gaston Leroux , French writer (d. 1927 )
- May 29 - Abdul Mejid II , last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1944 )
- June 5 - James Connolly , Irish socialist (d. 1916 )
- June 7 - Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Scottish architect (d. 1928 )
- June 14 - Karl Landsteiner , Austrian biologist and physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine (d. 1943 )
- June 18 - Georges Lacombe , French artist (d. 1916 )
- July 12 - Stefan George , German poet (d. 1933 )
- July 14 - Gertrude Bell , English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926 )
- August 23 - Edgar Lee Masters , American poet, biographer and dramatist. (d. 1950 )
- August 26 - Charles Stewart , Premier Of Alberta (d. 1946 )
- September 1 - Henri Bourassa , Canadian politician and publisher (d. 1952 )
- September 6 - Heinrich Häberlin , Swiss politician, member of the Federal Council (d. 1947 )
- September 17 - James Alexander Calder , Canadian politician (d. 1956 )
- October 18 - Ernst Didring , Swedish writer (d. 1931 )
- November 7 - Delfim Moreira , Brazilian president (d. 1920 )
- November 8 - Felix Hausdorff , German mathematician (d. 1942 )
- November 9 - Marie Dressler , Canadian actress (d. 1934 )
- November 14 - Arthur Hoey Davis , Australian author (d. 1935 )
- November 22 - John Nance Garner , U.S. Vice President (d. 1967 )
- December 9 - Fritz Haber , German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1934 )
: ''See also .''
- February 11 - Léon Foucault , French astronomer (b. 1819 )
- February 29 - King Ludwig I Of Bavaria (b. 1786 )
- March 4 - Jesse Chisholm , American pioneer (b. 1805 )
- March 28 - James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl Of Cardigan , British military leader (b. 1797 )
- April 3 - Franz Berwald , Swedish composer (b. 1796 )
- April 7 - Thomas D'Arcy McGee , Irish-Canadian journalist, politician and Canadian father of confederation (assassinated) (b. 1825 )
- April 13 - Emperor Theodore or Tewodros II Of Ethiopia ( Abyssinia ), by suicide (b. 1818 )
- May 7 - Henry Peter Brougham , Lord High Chancellor Of Great Britain (b. 1778 )
- May 10 - Henry Bennett , American politician (b. 1808 )
- May 17 - Isami Kondo , Commander of the Shinsengumi (b. 1834 )
- May 23 - Kit Carson , American trapper, scout, and Indian agent (b. 1809 )
- June 1 - James Buchanan , 15th President Of The United States (b. 1791 )
- June 22 - Heber C. Kimball , Mormon church leader (b. 1801 )
- July 6 - Sanosuke Harada , Shinsengumi Captain (b. 1840 )
- July 19 - Soji Okita , Shinsengumi Captain (b. 1842 or 1844 )
- September 26 - August Ferdinand Möbius , German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1790 )
- October 17 - Laura Secord , Canadian patriot (b. 1775 )
- October 18 - Mongkut , Rama IV, King Of Thailand (b. 1804 )
- October 27 - Charles Thomas Longley , Archbishop Of Canterbury (b. 1794 )
- November 13 - Gioacchino Rossini , Italian composer (b. 1792 )
- November 15 - James Mayer Rothschild , German-born banker (b. 1792 )
- December 6 - August Schleicher , German linguist (b. 1821 )
: ''See also .''
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