Year (''' MDCCCLXV ''') was a Common Year Starting On Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Friday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
: Union captures Fort Fisher .]]
- January 1 - Hector Berlioz finishes his Memoirs.
- begins when United States forces launch a major amphibious assault against the Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher , North Carolina .
- January 15 - American Civil War : United States forces capture Fort Fisher.
- becomes general-in-chief.
: Jefferson Davis .]]
: Appomattox Court House .]]
- - In Petersburg, Virginia , Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
- and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia which is taken the next day.
- April 6 - German Chemicals producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik( BASF ) founded in Mannheim .
- surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House , effectively ending the American Civil War.
- April 14
- --- U. S. President Abraham Lincoln is Shot at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. by John Wilkes Booth .
- ---US Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked in his home by Lewis Powell .
- April 15 - Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the United States, upon the death of President Abraham Lincoln.
- April 18 - Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his entire cabinet arrive in Charlotte with a contingent of 1,000 soldiers.
- April 21 - German Chemicals producer BASF moves its headquarters and factories from Mannheim to the Hemshof District of Ludwigshafen .
- April 26
- --- Union cavalry corner John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman Boston Corbett shoots the assassin dead.
- --- General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina .
- April 27
- --- The Steamboat '' Sultana '', carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River , killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison .
- --- Governor Of New York , Reuben Fenton , signs a bill formally creating Cornell University in US.
: Lincoln shot.]]
: '' Sultana '' sinks.]]
- May 1 - Triple Alliance of Argentina , Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed - War Of The Triple Alliance has already begun.
- , commanding all Confederate forces in Alabama , Mississippi , and eastern Louisiana , surrenders his forces to Union General E.R.S. Canby at Citronelle, Alabama , effectively ending the Civil War.
- May 5
- ---In North Bend, Ohio (a suburb of Cincinnati ), the first Train Robbery in the United States takes place.
- --- Jefferson Davis meets with his Confederate Cabinet (14 officials) for the last time, in Washington, Georgia, and the Confederate Government is officially dissolved.
- is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia .
- - In far south Texas , more than a month after Confederate General Lee 's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Confederate victory.
- May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC to celebrate the ending of the American Civil War .
- when an ordnance depot explodes.
- June 2 - American Civil War ends - Confederate forces west of the Mississippi under General Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at Galveston, Texas , becoming the last to do so.
- June 11 - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayan navy at the Battle Of Riachuelo .
: Salvation Army .]]
: '' Alice/Wonderland '']]
- July - The Christian Mission, later renamed the Salvation Army , is founded in Whitechapel , London by William and Catherine Booth .
- July 4 - Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures In Wonderland .
- July 5
- --- US Secret Service is founded.
- --- First Speed Limit is introduced in Britain - 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country.
- July 7 - Following Abraham Lincoln 's assassination on April 14 , the four condemned to death, during the trial, are Hanged , including David Herold , George Atzerodt , Lewis Payne and Mary Surratt . Her son, John Surratt , escapes execution by fleeing to Canada and - ultimately - to Egypt .
- July 14 - The summit of the Matterhorn in the Alps is reached for the first time; four of the party of seven die in a fall during the descent.
: Matterhorn climbed.]]
: Steamer '' Brother Jonathan '' sinks.]]
- October 11 - Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica , starting the Morant Bay Rebellion .
- November 10 - Major Henry Wirz , the superintendent of A Prison Camp In Andersonville, Georgia , is Hanged , becoming the only American Civil War soldier to be Executed for War Crimes .
- ship ''Covadonga'' is captured by the Chile ans and the Peru vians, north of Valparaiso , Chile .
- December 10 - Léopold II becomes King of the Belgians.
- December 11 - U.S. Congress created the House Appropriations Committee and the Committee On Banking And Commerce , reducing the tasks of the Committee On Ways And Means .
- December 18 - Thirteenth Constitutional amendment declared ratified by three-fourths of the States of the United States. It forever abolished slavery.
- December 21 - Kappa Alpha Order founded at Washington College.
- December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the Ku Klux Klan , to resist Reconstruction , by intimidating " Carpetbagger s" and " Scalawag s" as well as repressing the freed Slave s.
: Battle Of Papudo .]]
.]]
- January 5 - Julio Garavito Armero , Colombian astronomer (d. 1920 )
- January 10 - Mary Amelia Ingalls , Blind older sister of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. October 20 , 1928 )
- January 27 - Nikolai Pokrovsky , Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire. (d. 1930 )
- February 28 - Alexander Henderson , American Businessman (d. 1925 )
- January 28 - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg , President Of Finland (d. 1952 )
- February 12 - Kazimierz Tetmajer , Polish writer (d. 1940 )
- February 19 - Sven Hedin , Swedish scientist and explorer (d. 1952 )
- February 21 - John Haden Badley , author and educator (d. 1967 )
- February 28 - Wilfred Grenfell , medical missionary to Newfoundland And Labrador (d. 1940 ).
- March 10 - Tan Sitong , Chinese reformist leader (d. 1898 )
- March 15 - Edith Maude Eaton , English-born writer (d. 1914 )
- March 19 - William Morton Wheeler , American entomologist (d. 1937 )
- April 1 - Richard Adolf Zsigmondy , Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1929 )
- April 9
- --- Laurence Hope , English poetess (d. 1904 )
- --- Erich Ludendorff , German general (d. 1937 )
- April 28 - Vital Brazil , Brazilian physician and immunologist (d. 1950 )
- May 2 - Clyde Fitch , American dramatist (d. 1909 )
- May 25
- --- John Mott , American YMCA leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1955 )
- --- Pieter Zeeman , Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1943 )
- May 26 - Robert W. Chambers , American artist (d. 1933 )
- June 2 - George Lohmann , English cricketer (d. 1901 )
- June 3 - King George V Of The United Kingdom (d. 1936 )
- June 9 - Albéric Magnard , French composer (d. 1914 )
- June 13 - William Butler Yeats , Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1939 )
- June 26 - Bernard Berenson , American art historian (d. 1959 )
- June 29 - Shigechiyo Izumi , Oldest supercentenarian male (disputed) (d. 1986 )
- July 23 - Max Heindel , Danish-born Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (d. 1919 )
- July 26 - Philipp Scheidemann , Chancellor Of Germany (d. 1939 )
- July 29 - Alexander Glazunov , Russian composer (d. 1936 )
- August 2
- --- Irving Babbitt , American literary critic (d. 1933 )
- --- John Radecki , Australian stained glass artist (d. 1955 )
- August 24 - King Ferdinand Of Romania (d. 1927 )
- August 27
- --- James Henry Breasted , American Egyptologist (d. 1935 )
- --- Charles G. Dawes , Vice President Of The United States , recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1951 )
- September 11 - Rainis , Latvian poet and playwright (d. 1929 )
- October 1 - Paul Dukas , French composer (d. 1935 )
- October 12 - Arthur Harden , English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940 )
- October 17 - James Rudolph Garfield , U.S. politician (d. 1950 )
- October 26 - Benjamin Guggenheim , American businessman (d. 1912 )
- October 27 - Tinsley Lindley , English footballer (d. 1940 )
- November 2 - Warren G. Harding , 29th President Of The United States (d. 1923 )
- December 8 - Jean Sibelius , Finnish composer (d. 1957 )
- December 19 - Minnie Fiske , stage actress, (d. 1932 )
- December 20 - Elsie De Wolfe , American socialite and interior decorator (d. 1950 )
- December 25 - Evangeline Booth , the 4th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1950 )
- December 30 - Rudyard Kipling , British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936 )
: ''See also .''
- January 19 - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon , French philosopher and anarchist (b. 1809 )
- February 6 - Isabella Beeton , British cook and expert on household management (b. 1836 )
- March 1 - Anna Pavlovna Of Russia , queen consort of the Netherlands (b. 1795 )
- March 20 - Yamanami Keisuke , samurai (b. 1833 )
- March 30 - Oleksandr Dukhnovych , priest, writer and social activist (b. 1803
- April 1
- --- John Milton , Governor of Florida (b. 1807 )
- --- Giuditta Pasta , Italian soprano (b. 1798 )
- April 2 - A.P. Hill , American Confederate general (b. 1825 )
- April 13 - Achille Valenciennes , French zoologist (b. 1794 )
- April 15 - Abraham Lincoln , 16th President Of The United States (b. 1809 )
- April 18 - Léon Jean Marie Dufour , French medical doctor and naturalist (b. 1780 )
- April 24 - Grand Duke Nicholas Alexandrovich Of Russia (b. 1843 )
- April 26 - John Wilkes Booth , American actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838 )
- July 6 - Sophie Of Sweden , Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1891 )
- July 25 - James Barry , British military surgeon (b. 1795)
- August 12 - William Jackson Hooker , English botanist (b. 1785 )
- September 2 - William Rowan Hamilton , Irish mathematician (b. 1805 )
- October 16 - Andrés Bello , Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, teacher, philosopher and sociologist (b. 1781 )
- October 18 - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (b. 1784 )
- November 12 - Elizabeth Gaskell , British novelist and biographer (b. 1810 )
- November 28 - William Machin Stairs , Canadian businessman and statesman (b. 1789 )
- December 6 - Sebastián Iradier , Spanish composer (b. 1809 )
- December 10 - Léopold I Of Belgium (b. 1790 )
- December 17 - Luigi Ciacchi , Italian cardinal (b. 1788 )
: ''See also .''
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