Year (''' MDCCCLXIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
: Transcontinental R.R. ]]
: Battle Of Arkansas Post .]]
: HMS Orpheus sinks.]]
in 1863]]
- April 20 - The end of the Battle Of Washington in Beaufort County, North Carolina .
- April 21
- --- Bahá'u'lláh declared His station as " He Whom God Shall Make Manifest ". This date is celebrated in the Bahá'í Faith as The Festival of Ridván .
- --- Quantrill's Raiders launch a reprisal raid Lawrence, Kansas in the Battle Of Lawrence , killing a number of civilians.
- April 30 - the Battle Of Camarón in Mexico - 65 soldiers of the French Foreign Legion fight 2000 Mexicans - three of them survive the battle.
- defeats Union forces at the Battle Of Chancellorsville with 13,001 Confederate casualties, among them Stonewall Jackson lost to friendly fire, and 17,500 Union casualties.
- .
- May 17 - After a two-month siege, the French army of Bazaine takes Puebla Mexico .
- begins (ends Saturday, July 4 ).8600 union 30,189 confederate men surrendered
- May 21
- ---, Louisiana by Union forces.
- --- General Conference Of Seventh-day Adventists formed.
- May 23
- --- Ferdinand Lassalle founds the ''Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein'' ( General German Workers' Association , ADAV), the first socialist workers party in Germany.
- ---The Siege Of Port Hudson starts.
- starts
- , the first African-American regiment, leaves Boston, Massachusetts to fight for the Union.
- May 31 - First running of the Prix De L'Arc De Triomphe horse race.
- , Virginia .
- garrison is defeated by the Army Of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia .
- in the Gettysburg Campaign .
- June 20 - West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. State .
: Robert College becomes the first American educational institution founded outside of the United States ]]
- turn back a Confederate invasion by Robert E. Lee at the Battle Of Gettysburg , the largest battle of the war. 28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union.
- - Ulysses S. Grant and the Union army capture the Confederate city Vicksburg, Mississippi , after the town surrendered. The siege lasted 47 days.
- July 9 - The Siege Of Port Hudson ends and the Union controls the entire Mississippi River for the first time.
- , opponents of Conscription begin three days of violent rioting, which would later be regarded as the worst in the history of the United States .
- but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war. Their colonel was shot leading attack and was buried with his men. 450 union/ 175 confederate
- ends - At Salineville, Ohio , Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 375 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
- of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty Of Box Elder , promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah .
- (Davis will refuse the request upon receipt).
- , Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter . Bombardment will not end until Thursday, December 31
- attacked by William Quantrill 's raiders in the Battle Of Lawrence , killing an estimated 200 men and boys. The raid would become notorious in the North as one of the most vicious atrocities of the Civil War.
- evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina .
- September 16 - Robert College of Istanbul - Turkey , the first American educational institution outside the United States is founded by Christopher Robert , an American philanthropist.
- October 5 - The Brooklyn, Bath And Coney Island Rail Road starts operations in Brooklyn, New York ; this is now the oldest Right-of-way on the New York City Subway , the largest Rapid Transit system in the United States and one of the largest in the world.
- - Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union army out of Virginia .
- , the CSS ''Hunley'' sinks during a test, killing Horace Lawson Hunley (its inventor) and a crew of seven.
- October 26 - 29 , the Resolutions Of The Geneva International Conference are signed
- October 29
- ---Sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agree to form the International Red Cross .
- --- - Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant ward-off a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet . Union forces thus open a Supply Line into Chattanooga, Tennessee .
- November 15 - The death of King Frederick VII Of Denmark and his succession by his distant cousin Christian IX marks the beginning of the Second Schleswig-Holstein crisis.
- - Near Knoxville, Tennessee , Confederate troops led by General James Longstreet unsuccessfully attack Union forces under General Ambrose Burnside .
- begins - Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee under siege (the two week long siege and one failed attack was unsuccessful).
- November 18 - King Christian IX of Denmark decided to sign The November Constitution , which declared Schleswig as part of Denmark, what was seen by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol and lead to the German–Danish War Of 1864 .
- at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania .
- begins - Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.
- - Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg .
- - At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee , Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.
- - Union forces under General George Meade position against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee (Meade's forces could not find any weaknesses in the Confederate lines and gave up trying after five days).
- November 27 - American Civil War : Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio state prison and return safely to the South.
- End of term for Amasa Leland Stanford , 8th Governor Of California . He is succeeded by Frederick Ferdinand Low .
- January 1 - Pierre De Coubertin , French founder of the modern Olympic Games (d. 1937 )
- January 12 - Swami Vivekananda , Indian religious leader (d. 1902 )
- January 15 - Wilhelm Marx , Chancellor Of Germany (d. 1946 )
- January 17 - David Lloyd George , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (d. 1945 )
- March 11 - Andrew Stoddart , English cricketer (d. 1915 )
- March 12 - Gabriele D'Annunzio , Italian writer, war hero, and politician (d. 1938 )
- March 25 - Simon Flexner , American pathologist (d. 1946 )
- May 21 - Archduke Eugen Of Austria , Austrian field marshal (d. 1954 )
- March 27 - Henry Royce , English automobile pioneer (d. 1933 )
- April 18 - Leopold Graf Berchtold , Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (d. 1942 )
- May 24 - George Grey Barnard , American sculptor (d. 1938 )
- May 29 - Arthur Mold , English cricketer (d. 1921 )
- June 2 - Felix Weingartner , Yugoslavian conductor (d. 1942 )
- June 13 - Lady Lucy Duff Gordon , English fashion designer(d. 1942 )
- July 1 - William Grant Stairs , Canadian explorer (d. 1892 )
- July 6 - Reginald McKenna , British Chancellor Of The Exchequer 1915–1916 (d. 1943 )
- July 21 - C. Aubrey Smith , English actor (d. 1948 )
- July 30 - Henry Ford , American automobile manufacturer and industrialist (d. 1947 )
- August 3 - Géza Gárdonyi , Hungarian author (d. 1922 )
- August 17 - Gene Stratton-Porter , American author, screenwriter and naturalist (d. 1924 )
- September 13 - Arthur Henderson , Scottish politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935 )
- September 21 - John Bunny , American film comedian (d. 1915 )
- October 11 - Louis Cyr , Canadian strongman (d. 1912 )
- October 16 - Austen Chamberlain , English statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937 )
- October 18 - Tommy Tucker , 19th century baseball pioneer (d. 1935 )
- December 5 - Pattillo Higgins , oil pioneer and businessman, known as the "Prophet of Spindletop " (d. 1955 )
- December 7 - Pietro Mascagni , Italian composer (d. 1945 )
- December 11 - Annie Jump Cannon , American astronomer (d. 1941 )
- December 12 - Edvard Munch , Norwegian painter (d. 1944 )
- Aaron S. Watkins , American Presidential candidate (d. 1941 )
- December 18 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand , Archduke of Austria (d. 1914 )
- July 1 - John Reynolds , Major General in the Union Army
- July 26 - Sam Houston , first President Of The Republic Of Texas (b. 1793 )
- August 13 - Eugène Delacroix , French painter (b. 1798 )
- September 17 - Alfred De Vigny , French author (b. 1797 )
- September 20 - Jakob Grimm , German folklorist (b. 1785 )
- October 13 - Philippe Antoine D’Ornano , Marshal of France (b. 1784 )
- November 2 - Theodore Judah , American railroad engineer (b. 1826 )
- November 15 - Frederick VII , King of Denmark (b. 1808 )
- December 13 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel , German writer (b. 1813 )
- December 24 - William Makepeace Thackeray , British novelist (b. 1811 )
- December 31 - Freeman Towns , American entrepreneur (b. 1800 )-->
: ''See also .''
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