1860s
Article Index for
1860s
Articles about
1860s
Information About
1860s
CATEGORIES ABOUT 1860S
1860s1860s
19th century
decades
APPAREL
BABY
BEAUTY
BOOKS
CAR TOYS
CELL PHONES
DVD'S
ELECTRONICS
GOURMET FOOD
GROCERIES
HEALTH & PERSONAL
HOME & GARDEN
JEWELRY
MUSIC
MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
OFFICE PRODUCTS
SOFTWARE
SPORTING GOODS
TOOLS & HARDWARE
TOYS
VIDEO GAMES
SHOPPING HOME
MORE SHOPPING...
EVENTS AND TRENDS
Technology
The
First Transcontinental Railroad
in the
USA
was built in the six year period between
1863
and
1869
.
Science
Alfred Nobel
creates
Dynamite
in
Germany
James Clerk Maxwell
publishes his
Equations
that quantify the relationship between electricity and magnetism, and shows that
Light
is a form of
Electromagnetic Radiation
Gregor Mendel
formulates
Mendel's Laws Of Inheritance
, the basis for
Genetics
Dmitri Mendeleev
develops the
Periodic Table
War, peace and politics
Italian Unification
under King
Victor Emmanuel II
. Wars for expansion and national unity continue until the incorporation of the
Papal States
(
March 17
,
1861
-
September 20
,
1870
).
American Civil War
fought between the remaining
United States Of America
under
President
Abraham Lincoln
and the self-declared
Confederate States Of America
under
President
Jefferson Davis
(
April 12
,
1861
-
April 9
,
1865
). Beginning of the
Reconstruction
era under President
Andrew Johnson
(
1865
-
1869
).
French
occupation of
Mexico
(
1863
-
1867
). Replacement of
President Of Mexico
Benito Juárez
(
1861
-
1863
) at first with
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte
(
1863
-
1864
) and then by Emperor
Maximilian Of Mexico
(
1864
-
1867
).
Benito Juárez
eventually manages to recover his position (
1867
-
1872
).
Meiji Restoration
in
Japan
(
1866
-
1869
).
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
, 15th and last of the
Tokugawa Shoguns
loses control to the
Meiji Emperor
. A series of reforms follows. The
Samurai
class fails to survive while the
Daimyo
turn to
Politics
.
The
Dominion
of
Canada
is created by the
British North America Act
President of the United States
Abraham Lincoln
is
Assassinated
by
John Wilkes Booth
,
April 15
,
1865
.
Florence Nightingale
founds school for nurses in 1860.
On
1860-10-18
the first
Convention Of Peking
formally ended the
Second Opium War
.
Culture and religion
In
Catholicism
, reaction against
Higher Criticism
and the liberal movement in
Europe
The Football Association
is formed in the
United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland
, paving the way for
Association Football
to become the world's predominant spectator sport
The
Seventh-day Adventist Church
becomes officially established in 1863 in
Battle Creek
,
Michigan
.
Bahá'u'lláh
declares his station as "One who was made Manifest", in the Garden of
Ridván
, as foretold by the
Báb
.
Bahá'ís
see this as the beginning date of the
Bahá'í Faith
.
The Christian Mission, later renamed The
Salvation Army
, is co-founded by
William
and
Catherine Booth
in
London
,
England
in
1865
.
Other
The
London Fire Department
was established in 1865.
Literature and Arts
Leo Tolstoy
publishes
War And Peace
.
Lewis Carroll
publishes
Alice's Adventures In Wonderland
.
WORLD LEADERS
Emperor
Franz Josef
(
Austria-Hungary
)
Prime Minister Sir
John A. Macdonald
(
Canada
)
Emperor
Napoleon III
(
Second French Empire
)
King
William I, German Emperor
(
Germany
)
King
Victor Emmanuel II
(
Italy
)
Pope Pius IX
Emperor
Alexander II
(
Russia
)
Queen
Isabella II
(
Spain
)
Queen
Victoria
(
United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland
)
Prime Minister
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
(
United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland
)
Prime Minister
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl Of Derby
(
United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland
)
Prime Minister
William Ewart Gladstone
(
United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland
)
President
James Buchanan
(
United States
)
President
Abraham Lincoln
(
United States
)
President
Andrew Johnson
(
United States
)
President
Jefferson Davis
(
Confederate States Of America
)
President
Ulysses S. Grant
(
United States
)
Nasser-al-Din Shah
of
Qajar Dynasty
(
Persia
)
Emperor
Kōmei
(
Japan
)
Emperor
Meiji
(Japan)
Emperor
Xianfeng
(
China
)
Emperor
Tongzhi
(China)
LINKS
1860s In Fashion
