Year (''' MDCCCLIV ''') was a Common Year Starting On Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Friday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- January 13 - A version of the Accordion is patented by Anthony Faas in the United States .
- January 21 - Loss of the '' RMS Tayleur '' - 380 drowned, later dubbed "the first Titanic ".
- February 6 - Altoona, Pennsylvania , a major railroading city, is incorporated as a borough.
- February 11 - Major streets lit by Coal Gas for first time.
- February 13 - Mexican troops force William Walker and his troops to retreat to Sonora .
- February 14 - Texas is linked by Telegraph with the rest of the United States , when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas is completed.
- February 17 - The British recognize the independence of the Orange Free State .
- February 23 - The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
- February 27 - Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from two Ottoman provinces it had conquered, Moldavia and Wallachia .
- March 1 - German Psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears, two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg .
- March 11 - Royal Navy fleet sails from Britain under Vice Admiral Sir Charles Napier .
- March 20 - The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
- March 27 – United Kingdom declares war on Russia – Crimean War begins.
- March 28 – France declares war on Russia .
- March 31 - Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy , signs the Treaty / Convention Of Kanagawa with the Japan ese government, to be precise, Tokugawa Shogunate , opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade. (See History Of Japan )
- October 1 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury , Massachusetts by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham to become the Waltham Watch Company , pioneer in the American System Of Watch Manufacturing .
- October 6 - The Great Fire Of Newcastle And Gateshead is ignited by a spectacular explosion
- October 17 - Newspaper '' The Age '' is founded in Melbourne , Australia .
- October 21 - Florence Nightingale leaves for Crimea with 38 other nurses.
- occurs, overall a victory for the allies, but it included the disastrous cavalry Charge Of The Light Brigade , from which only 200 of 700 men survive.
- lose again at the Battle Of Inkerman .
- November 17 - In Egypt , the Suez Canal , linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea , is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
- November 28 - Eureka Stockade Miner's Rebellion in Ballarat , Victoria , Australia .
- December 8 - Pope Pius IX proclaims the Dogma of Immaculate Conception , which holds that The Virgin Mary was born free of Original Sin .
showing the clusters of Cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854]].
- The '' Polyglotta Africana '', an early classification of African Languages based on field work under freed slaves in Freetown , Sierra Leone , is published by Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle .
- Ignacy Lukasiewicz drilled the world's first oil well in Poland in Bobrka near Krosno .
- Frederick Augustus Albert succeeds to the throne of Saxony .
- Stockholm, Wisconsin is founded by immigrants from Karlskoga , Sweden (cf 1252 ).
- Chemistry Professor Benjamin Silliman , of Yale University is the first to fractionate Petroleum by Distillation .
- Abraham Pineo Gesner invents a process for extracting Kerosene from Coal .
- Said Pasha succeeds his nephew Abbas as pasha of Egypt .
- A Russia n fort is established at the present site of Almaty .
- Aurora, Ontario is first settled.
- Spiegelthal excavates the tomb of Alyattes II .
- The Ambrotype is introduced for Photography .
- Election of New York City Mayor Fernando Wood begins the ascendancy of Tammany Hall .
- An epidemic of Cholera in London kills 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single Water Pump , validating his theory that Cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for Epidemiology .
- The Iceland trade is opened to foreigners.
- The future site of Franklin Pierce College in Rindge, New Hampshire is purchased by Captain Asa Brewer .
- End of a period of minor volcanic activity at Mount Rainier lasting since 1820 .
- January 18 - Thomas A. Watson , American telephone pioneer (d. 1934 )
- February 17 - Friedrich Alfred Krupp , German industrialist (d. 1902 )
- March 4 - Sir Napier Shaw , British meteorologist (d. 1945 )
- March 8 - Ignacy Lukasiewicz , Polish pharmacist and inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of first oil lamp (d. 1882 )
- March 10 - Sir Thomas MacKenzie , New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (d. 1930 )
- March 14
- --- Paul Ehrlich , German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine (d. 1915 )
- --- Thomas R. Marshall , Vice President Of The United States (d. 1925 )
- March 15 - Emil Adolf Von Behring , German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine (d. 1917 )
- April 22 - Henri La Fontaine , Belgian lawyer and activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1943 )
- April 29 - Henri Poincaré , French mathematician and physicist (d. 1912 )
- May 11 - Albion Woodbury Small , American sociologist (d. 1926 )
- May 24 - John Riley Banister , law officer, cowboy, and Texas Ranger (d. 1918 )
- June 26 - Robert Laird Borden , eighth Prime Minister Of Canada (d. 1937 )
- July 3 - Leoš Janáček , Czech composer (d. 1928 )
- July 7 - Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov , Russian poet, scientist and revolutionary (d. 1946 )
- July 12 - George Eastman , American inventor (d. 1932 )
- July 27 - Takahashi Korekiyo , Prime Minister Of Japan (d. 1936 )
- August 2 - Milan I , King Of Serbia (d. 1901 )
- August 23 - Moritz Moszkowski , Polish/German composer (d. 1918 )
- September 1 - Engelbert Humperdinck , German composer (d. 1921 )
- September 6 - Georges Picquart , French general and Minister of War (d. 1914 )
- October 16
- --- Oscar Wilde , Irish writer (d. 1900 )
- --- Karl Kautsky , Marxist theoretician (d. 1938 )
- October 26 - C. W. Post , American cereal manufacturer (d. 1914 )
- October 20 - Arthur Rimbaud , French poet (d. 1891 )
- November 5 - Paul Sabatier , French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941 )
- November 6 - John Philip Sousa , American composer and conductor (d. 1932 )
- November 17 - Hubert Lyautey , Marshal of France (d. 1934 )
- November 21 - Pope Benedict XV (d. 1922 )
- December 23 - Victoriano Huerta , President Of Mexico (d. 1916 )
- December 24 - Thomas Stevens , English cyclist (d. 1935 )
: ''See also .''
- January 8 - William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford , British general and politician (b. 1768 )
- February 17 - John Martin , English painter (b. 1789 )
- March 6 - Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess Of Londonderry (b. 1778 )
- March 11 - Willard Richards , American religious leader (b. 1804 )
- March 13 - Thomas Noon Talfourd , English jurist (b. 1795 )
- March 27 - William Bentinck, 4th Duke Of Portland , politician (b. 1768 )
- April - Domingo Eyzaguirre , Chilean philanthropist (b. 1775 )
- April 11 - Karl Adolph Von Basedow , a German Physician , famous for reporting the symptoms of Graves-Basedow Disease . (b. 1799 )
- April 15 - Arthur Aikin , English chemist and mineralogist (b. 1773 )
- April 29 - Henry Paget, 1st Marquess Of Anglesey , British general (b. 1768 )
: ''See also .''
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