(''' MDCCCL ''') was a Common Year Starting On Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Sunday
"Calendar in year 1850 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage:
Julian-1850
(Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919 ).
of the 12-day-slower Julian Calendar ).
- The American System Of Watch Manufacturing starts in Roxbury, Massachusetts USA, Waltham Watch Company
- Bingley Hall , the world's first purpose- built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham , England .
- Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency
- France begins to transport colonists to Algeria .
- Modern Acoustic Guitar created in Spain.
- Rifling becomes common in firearms.
- Entre Ríos Province in Argentina revolts - it is backed by Brazil in alliance with Paraguay and the Uruguay an Colorado Party .
- Harriet Tubman becomes an official conductor of the Underground Railroad .
- The International Organisation Of Good Templars is established, then as the order .
- Foundation of St. Mary’s Institute in Dayton, OH, which would eventually become the University Of Dayton .
- In New York City , a mob of 500 people, led by police, ransack a Jewish Synagogue
- French Battleship Le Napoléon is launched.
- World Population : 1,262,000,000
- --- Africa : 111,000,000
- --- Asia : 809,000,000
- --- Europe : 276,000,000
- --- Latin-America : 38,000,000
- --- Northern America : 26,000,000
- --- Oceania : 2,000,000
- January - John Barclay Armstrong , Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (d. 1913 )
- January 4 - Frederick York Powell , English historian and scholar (d. 1904 )
- January 6 - Eduard Bernstein , German social democratic theoretician and politician (d. 1932 )
- January 6 - Xaver Scharwenka , Polish-German composer (d. 1924 )
- January 10 - John Wellborn Root , U.S. architect (d. 1891 )
- January 11 - Philipp Von Ferrary , Italian stamp collector (d. 1917 )
- January 14 - Pierre Loti , French sailor and writer (d. 1923 )
- January 15
- --- Mihai Eminescu , Romanian romantic poet (d. 1889 )
- --- Leonard Darwin , son of the British naturalist Charles Darwin (d. 1943 )
- --- Sofia Kovalevskaya , Russian mathematician (d. 1891 )
- January 17 - Aleksandr Taneyev , Russian composer (d. 1918 )
- January 18 - Seth Low , American educator (d. 1916 )
- January 19 - Augustine Birrell , English author and politician (d. 1933 )
- January 24
- --- Hermann Ebbinghaus , German psychologist (d. 1909 )
- --- Mary Noailles Murfree , American novelist (d. 1922 )
- January 27
- --- John Collier , British writer and painter (d. 1934 )
- --- Edward Smith , Captain of the Titanic (d. 1912 )
- --- Samuel Gompers , U.S. labor union leader (d. 1924 )
- January 28 - Edward Merritt Hughes , U.S. Navy officer (d. 1903 )
- January 29
- --- Ebenezer Howard , British urban planner (d. 1928 )
- --- Lawrence Hargrave , Australian engineer (d. 1915 )
- February 8 - Kate Chopin , U.S. novelist (d. 1904 )
- February 12 - William Morris Davis , U.S. geographer (d. 1934 )
- February 14 - Kiyoura Keigo , Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1942 )
- February 15 - Albert B. Cummins , U.S. political figure (d. 1926 )
- February 17 - Alf Morgans , Premier of Western Australia (d. 1933 )
- February 18 - George Henschel , English musician (d. 1934 )
- February 23 - César Ritz , Swiss hotelier (d. 1918 )
- February 27
- --- Henry Huntington , U.S. railroad pioneer and art collector (d. 1927 )
- --- Laura E. Richards , U.S. author (d. 1943 )
- March 7
- --- Tomáš Masaryk , President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937 )
- --- Champ Clark , U.S. politician (d. 1921 )
- --- Éphrem-A. Brisebois , Canadian police officer (d. 1890 )
- --- Georg Von Vollmar , Socialist politician in Bavaria (d. 1922 )
- March 9 - Hamo Thornycroft , British sculptor (d. 1925 )
- March 10 - Spencer Gore , British tennis player and cricketer (d. 1906 )
- March 13 - Hugh John Macdonald , premier of Manitoba (d. 1929 )
- March 26 - Edward Bellamy , U.S. author (d. 1898 )
- March 31 - Charles Doolittle Walcott , U.S. invertebrate paleontologist (d. 1927 )
- April 8 - John Peters , American 19th century baseball player (d. 1924 )
- April 9 - Julius Wernher , German-born British businessman and art collector (d. 1912 )
- April 11 - Isidor Rayner , U.S. senator (d. 1912 )
- April 12 - Nikolai Golitsyn , Prime Minister of Russia (d. 1925 )
- April 13 - Arthur Matthew Weld Downing , British astronomer (d. 1917 )
- April 15
- --- William Thomas Pipes , Nova Scotia politician (d. 1909 )
- --- Edmund Peck , Canadian missionary (d. 1924 )
- April 16 - Paul Von Breitenbach , German railway planner (d. 1930 )
- April 18 - Joseph Labadie , U.S. labor organizer (d. 1933 )
- April 20 - Daniel Chester French , U.S. sculptor (d. 1931 )
- April 24 - Murdo MacKenzie , Scottish-Brazilian rancher (d. 1939 )
- April 26
- --- Harry Bates , British sculptor (d. 1899 )
- --- James Drake , Australian politician (d. 1915 )
- April 27 - Hans Hartwig Von Beseler , German soldier (d. 1921 )
- April 29 - George Murdoch , first mayor of Calgary (d. 1910 )
- May 1 - Prince Arthur Of The United Kingdom (d. 1942 )
- May 3 - Johnny Ringo , U.S. cowboy (d. 1892 )
- May 4 - Emanuel Schiffers , Russian chess player (d. 1904 )
- May 7 - Anton Seidl , Hungarian conductor (d. 1898 )
- May 8 - Ross Barnes , U.S. baseball player (d. 1915 )
- May 10 - Thomas Lipton , Scottish merchant and yachtsman (d. 1931 )
- May 12
- --- Henry Cabot Lodge , U.S. statesman (d. 1924 )
- --- Charles McLaren, 1st Baron Aberconway , Scottish Liberal politician and jurist (d. 1934 )
- May 12 - Frederick Holder , premier of South Australia (d. 1909 )
- May 14 - Alva Adams , Governor of Colorado (d. 1922 )
- May 18 - Oliver Heaviside , British engineer (d. 1925 )
- May 21 - Giuseppe Mercalli , Italian volcanologist (d. 1914 )
- May 26 - James Kenyon , British pioneer of cinematography (d. 1925 )
- May 27 - Thomas Neill Cream , serial killer (d. 1892 )
- May 28 - Frederic William Maitland , English jurist and historian (d. 1906 )
- May 30 - Frederick Dent Grant , U.S. soldier and statesman (d. 1912 )
- June 2
- --- Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent , British businessman (d. 1931 )
- --- Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer , responsible for diabetes mellitus (d. 1935 )
- June 3 - Albert M. Todd , American businessman and politician (d. 1931 )
- June 5 - Pat Garrett , American bartender and sheriff (d. 1908 )
- June 6 - Karl Ferdinand Braun , German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918 )
- June 12 - Roberto Ivens , Portuguese explorer of Africa (d. 1898 )
- June 15 - Charles Hazelius Sternberg , U.S. fossil collector and amateur paleontologist (d. 1943 )
- June 18 - Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis , U.S. publisher (d. 1933 )
- June 21 - Daniel Carter Beard , U.S. scouting pioneer (d. 1941 )
- June 22 - Ignaz Goldziher , Jewish Hungarian orientalist (d. 1921 )
- June 24 - Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener , British field marshal and statesman (d. 1916 )
- June 27
- --- Ivan Vazov , Bulgarian poet (d. 1921 )
- --- Lafcadio Hearn , Greco-Japanese author (d. 1904 )
- --- Jørgen Pedersen Gram , Danish mathematician (d. 1916 )
- July 2 - Robert Ridgway , U.S. ornithologist (d. 1929 )
- July 8 - Charles Rockwell Lanman , U.S. Sanskrit scholar (d. 1941 )
- July 12
- --- Newell Sanders , U.S. businessman and politician (d. 1938 )
- --- Otto Schoetensack , German anthropologist (d. 1912 )
- July 15 - Mother Cabrini , U.S. saint (d. 1917 )
- July 20 - John G. Shedd , U.S. businessman (d. 1926 )
- July 28 - William Whittingham Lyman , U.S. vintner (d. 1921 )
- July 31
- --- Robert Love Taylor , Tennessee congressman (d. 1912 )
- --- Robert Planquette , French composer of stage musicals (d. 1903 )
- August - Bernardo Reyes , Mexican general (d. 1913 )
- August 5 - Guy De Maupassant , French writer (d. 1893 )
- August 6 - Henri Chantavoine , French writer (d. 1918 )
- August 9 - Johann Büttikofer , Swiss zoologist (d. 1929 )
- August 13 - Philip Bourke Marston , English poet (d. 1887 )
- August 14 - W. W. Rouse Ball , British mathematician (d. 1925 )
- November 1 - Latias , sister of Latios (d. 2003 )
- January 2 - Manuel De La Peña Y Peña , interim President of Mexico (b. 1789 )
- January 20 - Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger , Danish poet and playwright (b. 1779 )
- January 22
- --- William Joseph Chaminade , French Catholic priest (b. 1761 )
- ---Saint Vincent Pallotti , Italian missionary (b. 1795 )
- January 26 - Francis Jeffrey , Scottish judge and literary critic (b. 1773 )
- January 27
- --- Johann Gottfried Schadow , German sculptor (b. 1764 )
- --- Philipp Roth , composer (b. 1779 )
- February 4 - Daniel Turner , officer in the United States Navy (b. 1794 )
- February 20 - Valentín Canalizo , acting president of Mexico (b. 1794 )
- February 23 - Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer , British military officer and colonial administrator (b. 1775 )
- February 25 - Daoguang Emperor , of the Qing Dynasty of China (b. 1782 )
- February 27 - Samuel Adams , Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. 1805 )
- March 3 - Oliver Cowdery , U.S. religious leader (b. 1806 )
- March 13
- --- Juan Martín De Pueyrredón Y O'Dogan , Argentine general and politician (b. 1776 )
- --- Owen Stanley , British naval officer and explorer of New Guinea (b. 1811 )
- March 26 - Samuel Turell Armstrong , U.S. political figure (b. 1784 )
- March 27 - Wilhelm Beer , German banker and astronomer (b. 1797 )
- March 28 - Gerard Brandon , Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788 )
- March 31 - John C. Calhoun , U.S. politician (b. 1782 )
- April 7 - William Lisle Bowles , English poet and critic (b. 1762 )
- April 9 - William Prout , English chemist and physician (b. 1785 )
- April 12 - Adoniram Judson , U.S. Baptist missionary (b. 1788 )
- April 16 - Marie Tussaud , French wax sculptor (b. 1761 )
- April 17 - Jan Krukowiecki , Polish general (b. 1772 )
- April 23 - William Wordsworth , English poet (b. 1770 )
- April 24 - John Norvell , U.S. newspaperman and senator (b. 1789 )
- May 1 - Henri Marie Ducrotay De Blainville , French zoologist and anatomist (b. 1777 )
- May 10 - Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac , French chemist and physicist (b. 1778 )
- May 12 - Frances Sargent Osgood , U.S. poet (b. 1811 )
- May 21 - Christoph Friedrich Von Ammon , German theological writer and preacher (b. 1766 )
- May 24 - Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł , Polish noble (b. 1778 )
- May 31 - Giuseppe Giusti , Tuscan satirical poet (b. 1809 )
- June 9 - John Green Crosse , English surgeon
- June 16 - William Lawson , British explorer of New South Wales (b. 1774 )
- June 19 - Margaret Fuller , American journalist (b. 1810 )
- June 30 - Richard Dillingham , American Quaker teacher (b. 1823 )
- July 2 - Robert Peel , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (b. 1788 )
- July 4 - William Kirby , English entomologist (b. 1759 )
- July 7 - Timothy Hackworth , British steam locomotive engineer
- July 8 - Prince Adolphus Of The United Kingdom , 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774 )
- July 9
- ---The Báb , Persian founder of the Bábí Faith (b. 1819 ) (executed by firing squad)
- --- Zachary Taylor , 12th President Of The United States (b. 1784 )
- --- Jean Pierre Boyer , President Of Haiti (b. 1776 )
- July 12 - Robert Stevenson , Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. 1772 )
- July 14 - August Neander , German theologian and church historian (b. 1789 )
- July 25 - Richard Barnes Mason , military governor of California (b. 1797 )
- August 3 - Jacob Jones , U.S. Navy officer (b. 1768 )
- August 6
- --- Edward Walsh , Irish poet (b. 1805 )
- --- Hone Heke , Maori chief and war leader
- August 13 - Martin Archer Shee , Irish painter and president of the Royal Academy (b. 1770 )
- August 17 - General José De San Martín , Argentine military and South America n independence hero (b. 1778 )
- August 18
- --- Charles Arbuthnot , British Tory politician (b. 1767 )
- --- Honoré De Balzac , French author (b. 1799 )
- August 22 - Nikolaus Lenau , Austrian poet (b. 1802 )
- August 26 - King Louis-Philippe Of France (b. 1773 )
- August 27 - Thomas Kidd , English classical scholar and schoolmaster (b. 1770 )
- September 2 - Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn , British Tory politician (b. 1775 )
- September 12 - Presley O'Bannon , officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. 1784 )
- September 22 - Johann Heinrich Von Thünen , German economist (b. 1783 )
- September 23 - José Gervasio Artigas , Uruguayan revolutionary (b. 1764 )
- October 2 - Sarah Biffen , English painter (b. 1784 )
- October 29 - Marmaduke Williams , Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1774 )
- November 2 - Richard Dobbs Spaight, Jr. , Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. 1796 )
- November 3 - Thomas Ford , governor of Illinois (b. 1800 )
- November 4 - Gustav Schwab , German classical scholar (b. 1792 )
- November 9 - François-Xavier-Joseph Droz , French writer on ethics and political science (b. 1773 )
- November 19 - Richard Mentor Johnson , Vice President Of The United States (b. 1780 )
- November 22 - Lin Zexu , Chinese politician (b. 1785 )
- November 30 - Germain Henri Hess , Swiss chemist and doctor (b. 1802 )
- December 4 - William Sturgeon , English physicist and inventor (b. 1783 )
- December 10
- --- Józef Bem , Polish general (b. 1794 )
- --- François Sulpice Beudant , French mineralogist and geologist (b. 1787 )
- December 22 - William Plumer , U.S. lawyer and lay preacher (b. 1759 )
- December 24 - Frédéric Bastiat French author and economist (b. 1801 )
- December 28 - Heinrich Christian Schumacher , German astronomer (b. 1780 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Edward Bickersteth , English evangelical divine (b. 1786 )
- --- Elizabeth Simcoe , wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. 1762 )
- --- Jane Porter , English novelist (b. 1776 )
- --- Nur Singh , regent of Manipur
- --- Robert Gilfillan , Scottish poet (b. 1798 )
- --- Tan Tock Seng , Singaporean businessman philanthropist
- --- William Hamilton Maxwell , Scots-Irish novelist (b. 1792 )
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