Year (''' MDCCCXLVIII ''') was a Leap Year Starting On Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year Starting On Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
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The year is historically famous for the wave of revolutions of that swept Europe and the world, starting in France . Collectively known as the Revolutions Of 1848 , they significantly altered the political and philosophical landscape and had major ramifications throughout the rest of the century.
: The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the Mexican–American War and ceding all the Republic Of Texas 's territorial claims to the United States for $15m.]]
: Karl Marx publishes '' The Communist Manifesto ''.]]
: "Monster Rally" of Chartist s held on Kennington Common in London; the first photograph of a crowd depicts it.]]
: Wisconsin admitted as the 30th U.S. State .]]
: Matale Rebellion begins in Sri Lanka .]]
: The Swiss Confederation reconstitutes itself as a Federal Republic .]]
sees Whig Zachary Taylor of Louisiana defeat Democrat Lewis Cass of Michigan .]]
- January 3 - Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first President of the independent African Republic Of Liberia .
- January 12 - The Palermo Rising in Sicily , against the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies .
- January 24
- --- finds Gold at Sutter's Mill , in Coloma , near Sacramento .
- ---The Storming of the Venezuelan National Congress takes place.
- ).
- January 31 - The Washington Monument is established.
- is signed, ending the war and ceding to the United States virtually all of what is today the southwest of that country.
- February 8 - Revolution in Rome leads to the foundation of the second Roman Republic , soon to be led by Giuseppe Mazzini , though it would last only four months.
- February 21 - Karl Marx publishes '' The Communist Manifesto ''.
- February 22 - In Paris , revolt erupts against the king Louis Philippe . Two days later he abdicates, leading to the Second Republic .
- March 4 - Carlo Alberto Di Savoia signs the '' Statuto Albertino '' that will represent the first constitution of the Kingdom Of Sardinia and later of unified Italy .
- March 7 - The Great Mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii .
- March 10 - The Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo , ending the Mexican-American War , is ratified by the United States Senate . (cf. February 2, above.)
- March 11 - Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province Of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of Responsible Government .
- March 15 - Revolution Breaks Out In Hungary . The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform Party .
- March 18 - 19 , '' Marsoroligheterna '', in Stockholm , Sweden . Demonstrations outside the Royal Castle , where Revolutionaries demands reforms, among them that Sweden becomes a Republic . The Swedish king, Oscar I gives the guards order to shoot at the demonstrators.
- March 20 - King Ludwig I Of Bavaria abdicates.
- March 23 - Province of Otago in New Zealand is founded.
- March 29 - An upstream Ice jam stops almost all water flow over Niagara Falls for 30 hours.
- January 6 - Hristo Botev , Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1876 )
- January 19 - John F. Stairs , Canadian businessman and statesman (d. 1904 )
- January 21 - Henri Duparc , French composer (d. 1933 )
- January 27 - Togo Heihachiro , Japanese admiral (d. 1934 )
- February 5
- --- Joris-Karl Huysmans , French author (d. 1907 )
- --- Belle Starr , American outlaw (d. 1889 )
- February 8 - Joel Chandler Harris , American journalist and author (d. 1908 )
- February 14 - Benjamin Baillaud , French astronomer (d. 1934 )
- February 16 - Octave Mirbeau , French art critic and novelist (d. 1917 )
- February 18 - Louis Comfort Tiffany , American glass artist (d. 1933 )
- February 24
- --- Grant Allen , Canadian author (d. 1899 )
- --- Andrew Inglis Clark , Tasmanian politician (d. 1907 )
- February 27 - Hubert Parry , English composer (d. 1918 )
- March 19 - Wyatt Earp , American lawman and gunfighter (d. 1929 )
- March 31 - Viscount William Astor , British financier and statesman (d. 1919 )
- April 7 - Randall Thomas Davidson , Archbishop Of Canterbury (d. 1930 )
- April 10 - Hubertine Auclert , French feminist (d. 1914 )
- May 23 - Otto Lilienthal , German engineer (d. 1896 )
- June 7 - Paul Gauguin , French artist (d. 1903 )
- July 6 - Gabor Baross , Hungarian statesman (d. 1892 )
- July 9 - Robert I, Duke Of Parma , last ruling Duke of Parma (d. 1907 )
- July 15 - Vilfredo Pareto , Italian economist (d. 1923 )
- July 22 - Winfield Scott Stratton , American miner (d. 1902 )
- July 25
- --- George Robert Aberigh-Mackay , Anglo-Indian writer (d. 1881 )
- --- Arthur James Balfour , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (d. 1930 )
- September 4 - Lewis Howard Latimer , Coinventor of the Light Bulb and Telephone (d. 1928 )
- November 8 - Gottlob Frege , German logician (d. 1925)
- November 12 - Eduard Müller , Member Of The Swiss Federal Council (d. 1919 )
- November 13 - Albert I, Prince Of Monaco (d. 1922 )
- December 6 - Johann Palisa , Austrian astronomer (d. 1925 )
: ''See also .''
- July 4 - François-René De Chateaubriand , French writer and diplomat (b. 1768 )
- August 3 - Edward Baines , British newspaperman and politician (b. 1774 )
- August 7 - Jöns Jakob Berzelius , Swedish chemist (b. 1779 )
- August 12 - George Stephenson , English locomotive pioneer (b. 1781 )
- September 24 - Branwell Brontë , painter and poet, brother of novelists Charlotte, Emily and Anne (b. 1817 )
- November 9 - Robert Blum , German politician (b. 1810 )
- November 10 - Ibrahim Pasha Of Egypt , military leader (b. 1789 )
- November 23 - Sir John Barrow , English statesman (b. 1764 )
- November 24 - William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (b. 1779 )
- December 1 - Kyokutei Bakin , Japanese author (b. 1767 )
- December 19 - Emily Brontë , English author (b. 1818 )
: ''See also .''
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