Year (''' MDCCCXXXVIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- January 4 - General Tom Thumb , American circus performer and entertainer (d. 1883 )
- January 6 - Max Bruch , German composer (d. 1920 )
- January 16 - Franz Brentano , German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917 )
- February 6 - Henry Irving , English actor (d. 1905 )
- February 10 - Gustav Oelwein , founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913 )
- February 16
- --- Henry Adams , American historian (d. 1918 )
- --- Ōkuma Shigenobu - Japanese politician (d. 1922 )
- February 18 - Ernst Mach , Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1916 )
- March 3 - George William Hill , American astronomer (d. 1914 )
- April 3 - John Willis Menard , African-American politician (d. 1893 )
- April 8 - Ferdinand Von Zeppelin , German inventor (d. 1917 )
- April 12 - John Shaw Billings , M.D., American military and medical leader (d. 1913 )
- April 16 - Martha McClellan Brown , American Temperance Movement leader (d. 1916 )
- April 28 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser , Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913 )
- April 21 - John Muir , American ecologist (d. 1914 )
- May 10 - John Wilkes Booth , American actor and assassin (d. 1865 )
- May 20 - Jules Méline , French statesman (d. 1925 )
- September 2 - Liliuokalani Of Hawai'i , last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917 )
- September 12 - Júlio Diniz , Portuguese writer (b. 1871 )
- October 6 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba , Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910 )
- October 25 - Georges Bizet , French composer (d. 1875 )
- October 31 - King Luis I Of Portugal (d. 1889 )
- November 7 - Auguste Villiers De L'Isle-Adam , French writer (d. 1889 )
- November 13 - Joseph Fielding Smith , tenth president of The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-day Saints (d. 1918 )
- December 3 - Cleveland Abbe , American meteorologist (d. 1916 )
- December 19 - Khedrup Gyatso , eleventh Dalai Lama (d. 1856 )
- December 20 - Edwin Abbott Abbott , theologian and author (d. 1926 )
- December 30 - Émile Loubet , 7th President Of France (d. 1929 )
: ''See also .''
: ''See also .''
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