Year (''' MDCCCXXXIV ''') was a Common Year Starting On Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Monday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ).
in London, celebrating the emancipation of slaves.]]
- January 7 - Johann Philipp Reis , German physicist and inventor (d. 1874 )
- January 13 - John Mason Cook , after whom JMC Air is named (d. ?)
- February 8 - Dmitri Mendeleev , Russian chemist (d. 1907 )
- February 9 - Felix Dahn , German author (d. 1912 )
- February 16 - Ernst Haeckel , German zoologist and philosopher (d. 1919 )
- February 19 - Charles Davis Lucas , Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1914 )
- March 16 - James Hector , Scottish geologist (d. 1907 )
- March 17 - Gottlieb Daimler , German engineer and inventor (d. 1900 )
- March 20 - Charles W. Eliot , American President of Harvard University (d. 1926 )
- March 23 - Julius Reubke , German composer (d. 1858 ).
- March 24 - William Morris , English poet and artist (d. 1896 )
- March 24 - John Wesley Powell , American explorer (d. 1902 )
- April 1 - Big Jim Fisk , American entrepreneur (d. 1872 )
- April 2 - Frédéric Bartholdi , French sculptor (d. 1904 )
- May 23 - Carl Heinrich Bloch , Danish sculptor (d. 1890 )
- June 19 - Charles Spurgeon , English Baptist preacher (d. 1892 )
- July 10 - James McNeill Whistler , American painter and etcher (d. 1903 )
- July 19 - Edgar Degas , French painter (d. 1917 )
- August 4 - John Venn , British mathematician (d. 1923 )
- August 22 - Samuel Pierpont Langley , American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (d. 1906 )
- August 31 - Amilcare Ponchielli , Italian composer (d. 1886 )
- September 9 - Joseph Henry Shorthouse , English novelist (d. 1903 )
- November 19 - Georg Hermann Quincke , German physicist (d. 1924 )
- October 8 - Walter Kittredge , American composer (d. 1905 )
- December 16 - Léon Walras , French economist (d. 1910 )
: ''See also .''
- July 12 - David Douglas , Scottish botanist (b. 1799 )
- July 14 - Edmond Charles Genêt , French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763 )
- July 19 - Károly Hadaly , Hungarian mathematician (b. 1743 )
- July 25 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge , English writer (b. 1772 )
- August 1 - Robert Morrison , Scottish Protestant missionary to China (b. 1782 )
- August 7 - Joseph Marie Jacquard , French inventor (b. 1752 )
- August 17 - Husein Gradaščević , Bosnian rebel leader (b. 1802 )
- September 2 - Thomas Telford , Scottish engineer (b. 1757)
- September 9 - James Weddell , Antarctic explorer (b. 1787 )
- September 16 - William Blackwood , English writer (b. 1776 )
- September 24 - Pedro I Of Brazil (b. 1798 )
- October 8 - François-Adrien Boïeldieu , French composer (b. 1775 )
- October 11 - William John Napier, 9th Lord Napier , British Navy officer, politician and diplomat (b. 1786 )
- December 23 - Thomas Malthus , English economist and political philosopher (b. 1766 )
- December 27 - Charles Lamb , English essayist (b. 1775 )
- December 31 - João Batista Gonçalves Campos , Intelectual leader of the Cabanagem revolutionary event, in the vice-Kingdom of Grao Para (b. 1782 )
: ''See also .''
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