1816

Year 1816 (''' MDCCCXVI ''') was a Leap Year Starting On Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year Starting On Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian Calendar ). This year was known as The Year Without A Summer because of globally low temperatures.

EVENTS OF 1816

January - March

The Chinese New Year of the Fire Rat begins in January.

Known as the " Year Without A Summer " or "Eighteen-hundred-and-froze-to-death" in the northern hemisphere due to global cooling caused by the Mount Tambora Volcanic eruption that had occurred in 1815 .

January 9 - Sir Humphry Davy tested the Davy Lamp for Miners at Hebburn Colliery.

February 12 - Fire nearly destroyed the city of St. John's , Newfoundland .

February 20 - Gioachino Rossini 's '' The Barber Of Seville '' debuts at Teatro Argentina , with a ''fiasco''.

March 22 - A post office is established near the falls of the Tar River in eastern Nash County , North Carolina and named Rocky Mount for a rocky mound at the base of the falls. The area grows slowly and is not incorporated until 1867 .

March 23 - Emancipation from Serfdom in Estonia .

March 25 - Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke Of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke Of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg , his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg .

April - June

April 11 - In Philadelphia , the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists , the first such denomination completely independent of White churches.

May 2 - Leopold Of Saxe-Coburg , later King of the Belgians, marries Charlotte Augusta , but she dies the next year.

June 19 - Battle Of Seven Oaks between Hudson Bay and Northwest fur-trading companies, near Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada .

July - September

July 9 - Argentina gains independence from Spain

July 17 - The French passenger ship '' Medusa '' runs aground off the coast of Senegal , with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.

August 24 - The Treaty Of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis , Missouri .

August 27 - Bombardment Of Algiers

October - December

November - James Monroe defeats Rufus King in U.S. Presidential Election .

December 11 - Indiana is admitted as the 19th U.S. State .

Undated

Tsultrim Gyatso becomes the 10th Dalai Lama .

The British found Banjul, The Gambia .

A British expedition explores up from the mouth of the Congo River .

In France , René Laennec (1781-1826) invents the Stethoscope .

First known cultivation of the Cranberry .

Alexander D. Campbell and Francis W. Ellis first describe the Dravidian Languages .

The Second Bank Of The United States is founded.

E. Remington And Sons is founded.

Buffalo, New York is incorporated.

Beau Brummell flees England to escape gambling debts.

Large-scale slave insurrection in Barbados - one white and 176 slaves killed and 214 executed afterwards

Divorce annulled in France

The Senate Of Finland is established

Aleksandrów Łódzki founded by Rafał Bratoszewski

BIRTHS

January - June

March 14 - William Marsh Rice , American university founder (d. 1900 )

April 21 - Charlotte Brontë , British novelist (d. 1855 )

April 22 - Charles Denis Bourbaki , French general (d. 1897 )

April 25 - Eliza Daniel Stewart , American Temperance Movement leader (d. ?)

May 24 - Emanuel Leutze , American painter (d. 1868 )

June 19 - William Henry Webb , American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1899 )

June 30 - Richard Lindon , Inventor of the Rugby Ball, the India-rubber inflatable bladder, the Brass Hand Pump for the same (d. 1887 )

July - December

July 4 - Arthur De Gobineau , French diplomat and author (d. 1882 )

July 23 - Charlotte Cushman , American stage actress (d. 1876 )

July 31 - George Henry Thomas , American general (d. 1870 )

August 4 - William Julian Albert , U.S. Congressman (d. 1879 )

August 16 - Charles John Vaughan , English scholar (d. 1897 )

November 17 - August Wilhelm Ambros , Austrian composer (d. 1876 )

December 13 - Werner Von Siemens , German inventor and industrialist (d. 1892 )

''date unknown'' - Francis Dutton , Premier Of South Australia (d. 1877 )

: ''See also .''

DEATHS

January - June

January 27 - Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood , British admiral (b. 1724 )

February 6 - Maria Ludwika Rzewuska , Polish szlachcianka (b. 1744 )

February 22 - Adam Ferguson , Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1723 )

March 20 - Queen Maria I Of Portugal (b. 1734 )

June 5 - Giovanni Paisiello , Italian composer (b. 1751 )

June 12 - Pierre Augereau , Marshal Of France and duc de Castiglione (b. 1757 )

July - December

July 5 - Dorothy Jordan , Irish actress, mistress of King William IV Of The United Kingdom (b. 1761 )

July 7 - Richard Brinsley Sheridan , Irish playwright (b. 1751 )

September 27 - Edward Charles Howard , British Chemist and Chemical Engineer (b. 1774 )

November 8 - Gouverneur Morris , American statesman (b. 1752 )

December 15 - Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope , English statesman and scientist (b. 1753 )

: ''See also .''

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