Year (''' MDCCLXXIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Tuesday of the 11-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- .
- Hilaire Rouelle discovers Urea .
- Istanbul Technical University is established (under the original name of Royal School of Naval Engineering) as the world's first comprehensive institution of higher learning dedicated to engineering education. Pioneer through the ages...( ITU )
- In China , written work begins on the Siku Quanshu , the largest literary compilation of books in China's history (surpassing the Yongle Encyclopedia of the 15th century). Upon completion in 1782 , the books were bound in 36,381 volumes (册) with more than 79,000 chapters (卷), comprising about 2.3 million pages, and approximately 800 million Chinese Character s.
- January 14 - William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst , British ambassador to China and Governor-General Of India (d. 1854 )
- January 27 - Prince Augustus Of Great Britain , Duke of Sussex (d. 1843 )
- February 9 - William Henry Harrison , American military leader and 9th President Of The United States (d. 1841 )
- March 14 - John Holmes , American politician (d. 1843 )
- March 16 - Juan Ramón Balcarce , Argentine military leader and politician (d. 1836 )
- March 26 - Nathaniel Bowditch , American mathematician (d. 1836 )
- April 4 - Étienne Maurice Gérard , Marshal Of France and Prime Minister of France (d. 1852 )
- April 9 - Étienne Aignan , French writer, librettist, and playwright (d. 1824 )
- May 3 - Giuseppe Acerbi , Italian explorer (d. 1846 )
- May 15 - Prince Klemens Wenzel Von Metternich , Austrian statesman (d. 1859 )
- May 19 - Arthur Aikin , English chemist and mineralogist (d. 1854 )
- May 31 - Ludwig Tieck , German writer (d. 1853 )
- June 13 - Thomas Young , English scientist (d. 1829 )
- July 23 - Thomas Brisbane , Scottish astronomer and Governor Of New South Wales (d. 1860 )
- August 22 - Aimé Bonpland , French explorer and botanist (d. 1858 )
- October 6 - Louis Philippe , King of the French (d. 1850 )
- November 6 - Henry Hunt , British politician (d. 1835 )
- December 9 - Armand Augustin Louis De Caulaincourt , French general and diplomat (d. 1827 )
- December 17 - Sylvain Charles Valée , Marshal Of France (d. 1846 )
- December 21 - Robert Brown , Scottish botanist (d. 1858 )
- December 27 - Sir George Cayley , English aviation pioneer
: ''See also .''
- January 21 - Alexis Piron , French writer (b. 1689 )
- February 20 - King Charles Emmanuel III Of Sardinia (b. 1701 )
- March 1 - Luigi Vanvitelli , Italian architect (b. 1700 )
- March 24 - Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl Of Chesterfield , English statesman and man of letters (b. 1694 )
- May 8 - Ali Bey Al-Kabir , Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (b. 1728 )
- May 15 - Alban Butler , English Catholic priest and writer (b. 1710 )
- June 27 - Mentewab , dowager Empress of Ethiopia (b. circa 1706 )
- July 5 - Francisco José Freire , Portuguese historian and philologist (b. 1719 )
- July 12 - Johann Joachim Quantz , German flutist and composer (b. 1697 )
- July 23 - George Edwards , English naturalist (b. 1693 )
- August 3 - Stanisław Konarski , Polish writer (b. 1700 )
- August 27 - Friedrich Wilhelm Von Seydlitz , Prussian general (b. 1721 )
- September 23 - Johan Ernst Gunnerus , Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. 1718 )
- August 20 - Enrique Florez , Spanish historian (b. 1701 )
- October 30 - Philippe De La Guêpière , French architect (b. 1725 )
- November 16 - John Hawkesworth , English writer
- November 19 - James FitzGerald, 1st Duke Of Leinster , Irish politician (b. 1722 )
- ''date unknown'' - Ahmed Shah Abdali , Afghani founder of the Durrani Empire (cancer) (b. 1724 )
: ''See also .''
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