Year (''' MDCCLXVIII ''') was a Leap Year Starting On Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year Starting On Tuesday of the 11-day slower Julian Calendar ).
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- January 7 - Joseph Bonaparte , King of Naples and Spain (d. 1844 )
- January 28 - King Frederick VI Of Denmark (d. 1839 )
- February 12 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1835 )
- February 13 - Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier , French marshal (d. 1835 )
- March 21 - Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier , French mathematician and physicist (d. 1830 )
- March 22 - Melesina Trench , Irish born writer and socialite (d. 1827 )
- May 3 - Charles Tennant , Scottish chemist and industrialist (d. 1838 )
- May 17 - Caroline Of Brunswick , queen of George IV Of The United Kingdom (d. 1821 )
- May 17 - Henry Paget, 1st Marquess Of Anglesey , English general (d. 1854 )
- May 20 - Dolley Madison , First Lady Of The United States (d. 1849 )
- June 9 - Samuel Slater , American industrialist (d. 1835 )
- July 27 - Charlotte Corday . French murderess of Jean-Paul Marat (d. 1793 )
- August 6 - Jean-Baptiste Bessières , French marshal (d. 1813 )
- September 4 - François-René De Chateaubriand , French writer and diplomat (d. 1848 )
- October 2 - William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford , British general and politician (d. 1854 )
- November 18 - Zacharias Werner , German religious poet (d. 1823 )
- November 21 - Friedrich Schleiermacher , German theologian (d. 1834 )
: ''See also .''
- February 1 - Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet , British cavalry officer (b. 1685 )
- February 2 - Robert Smith , English mathematician (b. 1689 )
- February 8 - George Dance The Elder , English architect (b. 1695 )
- February 17 - Arthur Onslow , English politician (b. 1691 )
- March 1 - Hermann Samuel Reimarus , German philosopher and writer (b. 1694 )
- March 3 - Nicola Porpora , Italian composer (b. 1686 )
- March 18 - Laurence Sterne , Irish writer (b. 1713 )
- April 10 - Canaletto , Italian artist (b. 1697 )
- April 29 - Georg Brandt , Swedish chemist and minerologist (b. 1694 )
- June 8 - Johann Joachim Winckelmann , German classical scholar and archaeologist (b. 1717 )
- June 15 - James Short , Scottish mathematician and optician (b. 1710 )
- June 19 - Benjamin Tasker , Provincial Governor of Maryland (b. 1690 )
- July 6 - Conrad Beissel , German-born religious leader
- July 24 - Nathanial Lardner , English theologian (b. 1684 )
- August 3 - Thomas Secker , Archbishop Of Canterbury (b. 1693 )
- August 17 (N. S.) - Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky , Russian poet (b. 1703 )
- September 2 - Antoine Deparcieux , French mathematician (b. 1703 )
- October 1 - Robert Simson , Scottish mathematician (b. 1687 )
- October 28 - Michel Blavet , French flutist (b. 1700 )
- October 31 - Francesco Maria Veracini , Italian composer (b. 1690 )
- November 17 - Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke Of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (b. 1693 )
- December 8 - Jean Denis Attiret , French Jesuit missionary and painter (b. 1702 )
- December 20 - Carlo Innocenzio Maria Frugoni , Italian poet (b. 1692 )
: ''See also .''
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