Year (''' MDCCLVIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- January 6 - Charles Ganilh , French economist and politician (died 1836 )
- January 9 - George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke Of Sutherland (died 1833 )
- January 11 - François Louis Bourdon , French Revolutionary politician (died 1797 )
- January 24 - Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl Of Bessborough (died 1844 )
- February - John Pinkerton , British antiquarian (died 1826 )
- February 1 - Jacques Antoine Marie De Cazalès , French orator and politician (died 1805 )
- February 4 - George Thicknesse, 19th Baron Audley (died 1818 )
- February 12 - David Ochterlony (died 1825 )
- February 23
- --- Francis Napier, 8th Lord Napier (died 1823 )
- --- Vasily Kapnist , Ukrainian poet and playwright (died 1823 )
- February 25 - Joseph McDowell , U.S. Representative for North Carolina (died 1799 )
- February 28 - Nicolas François, Count Mollien , French financier (died 1850 )
- March 6 - William Russell , U.S. soldier (died 1825 )
- March 9 - Franz Joseph Gall , German pioneering neuroanatomist (died 1828 )
- March 12 - Leopold Karel, Count Of Limburg Stirum (died 1840 )
- March 25 - Richard Dobbs Spaight , Governor of North Carolina (died 1802 )
- April 1 - Benjamin Mooers , U.S. soldier (died 1838 )
- April 4
- --- John Hoppner , English portrait-painter (died 1810 )
- --- Pierre Paul Prud'hon , French painter (died 1823 )
- April 16 - Christian Karl August Ludwig Von Massenbach , Prussian soldier (died 1827 )
- April 19 - Fisher Ames , U.S. Congressman for Massachusetts (died 1808 )
- April 22 - Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke Of Bailén , Spanish general (died 1852 )
- April 23
- --- Alexander Hood , officer of the Royal Navy (died 1798 )
- --- Alexander Cochrane , officer of the Royal Navy (died 1832 )
- --- Philip Gidley King , English naval officer and colonial administrator (died 1808 )
- April 27 - Charles Dumont De Sainte Croix , French zoologist (died 1830 )
- April 28 - James Monroe , 5th President Of The United States (died 1831 )
- April 29 - Georg Carl Von Döbeln , Swedish soldier (died 1820 )
- May 6
- --- Maximilien Robespierre , French revolutionary (died 1794 )
- --- André Masséna , Napoleonic general and Marshal of France (died 1817 )
- May 8 - John Heath , U.S. Representative for Virginia (died 1810 )
- May 15 - Thomas Taylor , British translator (died 1835 )
- May 17
- --- Sir John St Aubyn, 5th Baronet , British fossil collector (died 1839 )
- --- Honoré IV, Prince Of Monaco (died 1819 )
- June 19 - Raffaello Sanzio Morghen , Italian engraver (died 1833 )
- June 30 - James Stephen , British lawyer (died 1832 )
- July 25 - Elizabeth Hamilton , English writer (died 1816 )
- July 31 - Jeremiah Colegrove , U.S. farmer, manufacturer and soldier (died 1836 )
- August - Thomas Picton , British soldier (died 1815 )
- August 2 - William Campbell , Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Upper Canada and a resident of Toronto (died 1834 )
- August 5 - Emperor Go-Momozono (died 1779 )
- August 10 - Armand Gensonné , French politician (died 1793 )
- August 14 - Antoine Charles Horace Vernet , French painter (died 1835 )
- August 24
- --- Edward James Eliot , English politician (died 1797 )
- --- Sophia Frederica Of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1794 )
- August 25 - Israel Pellew , English naval officer (died 1832 )
- September 1 - George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer , English Whig politician (died 1834 )
- September 9 - Alexander Nasmyth , Scottish portrait and landscape painter (died 1840 )
- September 10 - Hannah Webster Foster , U.S. novelist (died 1840 )
- September 18 - Louis Friant , French Napoleonic soldier (died 1829 )
- September 20 - Jean-Jacques Dessalines , leader of the Haïtian Revolution (died 1806 )
- September 21
- --- Silvestre De Sacy , French linguist and orientalist (died 1838 )
- --- Christopher Gore , U.S. lawyer and politician (died 1827 )
- September 25 - Maria Anna Thekla Mozart , cousin of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (died 1841 )
- September 26 - Cosme Argerich , Argentine Surgeon General (died 1820 )
- September 29
- --- Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson , British admiral (died 1805 )
- --- Fanny Von Arnstein , Austrian society hostess (died 1802 )
- October 7 - Joshua Coit , U.S. lawyer and politician (died 1798 )
- October 11 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers , German astronomer (died 1840 )
- October 12
- --- James Davenport , U.S. Representative for Connecticut (died 1797 )
- --- Theodorus Bailey , U.S. Representative for New York (died 1828 )
- October 15 - Johann Heinrich Von Dannecker , German sculptor (died 1841 )
- October 16
- --- John Paulding , U.S. soldier (died 1818 )
- --- Noah Webster , U.S. lexicographer (died 1843 )
- October 28 - John Sibthorp , English botanist (died 1796 )
- October 28 - Joseph-François-Louis-Charles De Damas , French general (died 1829 )
- November 5 - Louis-Marie Aubert Du Petit-Thouars , French botanist (died 1831 )
- November 11
- --- Carl Friedrich Zelter , German composer (died 1832 )
- --- Caleb P. Bennett , U.S. soldier and politician (died 717 )
- November 12 - Jean Joseph Mounier , French politician (died 1806 )
- November 16 - Peter Andreas Heiberg , Danish author and philologist (died 1841 )
- November 20 - Abraham B. Venable , U.S. Representative for Virginia (died 1811 )
- November 25 - John Armstrong, Jr. , U.S. soldier and statesman (died 1843 )
- December 5 - George Beauclerk, 4th Duke Of St Albans (died 1787 )
- December 9 - Richard Colt Hoare , English antiquarian and archaeologist (died 1838 )
- December 21 - Jean Baptiste Eblé , French general (died 1812 )
- December 23 - John M. Vining , U.S. Representative for Delaware (died 1802 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Charles D'Abancour , French statesman (died 1792 )
- --- Georges Antoine Chabot , French jurist and statesman (died 1819 )
- --- Vincenzo, Count Dandolo , Italian chemist and agriculturist (died 1819 )
- --- Nicholas Fish , U.S. Revolutionary soldier (died 1833 )
- --- Anthimos Gazis , Greek scholar and philosopher (died 1828 )
- --- Thomas Gisbourne , Anglican priest and abolitionist (died 1846 )
- --- Samuel Hardy , U.S. lawyer and statesman from Virginia (died 1785 )
- --- Jamphel Gyatso, 8th Dalai Lama (died 1804 )
- --- Charles Lee , U.S. Attorney General (died 1815 )
- --- Joseph McMinn , governor of Tennessee (died 1824 )
- --- Samuel Sterett , U.S. Representative for Maryland (died 1833 )
- --- Watkin Tench , British Marine officer (died 1833 )
- --- Jane West , English writer (died 1852 )
- --- Samuel Whitbread , English politician (died 1815 )
- ''probable'' - Kamehameha I , King of Hawaii (died c. 1819 )
: ''See also .''
- January 7 - Allan Ramsay , Scottish poet (born 1686 )
- January 17 - James Hamilton, 6th Duke Of Hamilton , Scottish peer (born 1724 )
- January 18 - François Nicole , French mathematician (born 1683 )
- February 10 - Thomas Ripley , English architect (born 1683 )
- March 2 - Pierre Guérin De Tencin , French cardinal (born 1679 )
- March 6 - Henry Vane, 1st Earl Of Darlington , English politician (born c. 1705 )
- March 18 - Matthew Hutton , Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1693 )
- March 22
- --- Jonathan Edwards , U.S. minister (born 1703 )
- --- Richard Leveridge , English bass and composer (born 1670 )
- April 7 - Joseph Blanchard , American soldier (born 1704 )
- April 22 - Antoine De Jussieu , French naturalist (born 1686 )
- April 30 - François D'Agincourt , French composer (born 1684 )
- May 3 - Pope Benedict XIV (born 1675 )
- May 28 - Ernst August II, Duke Of Saxe-Weimar And Eisenach (born 1737 )
- June 3 - Charles Butler, 1st Earl Of Arran (born 1671 )
- June 9 - Antonio De Los Reyes Correa , Puerto Rican soldier
- June 12 - Prince Augustus William Of Prussia (born 1722 )
- July 6 - George Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe , British general (killed in battle) (born c. 1725 )
- July 15 - Ambrosius Stub , Danish poet (born 1705 )
- July 18 - Duncan Campbell , Scottish soldier
- August 2 - George Booth, 2nd Earl Of Warrington (born 1675 )
- August 15 - Pierre Bouguer , French mathematician (born 1698 )
- August 17 - Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin , Russian soldier (born 1702 )
- August 27 - Barbara Of Portugal , Princess of Portugal and Queen of Spain (born 1711 )
- September 5 - Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov , Russian chemist (born c. 1720 )
- September 23 - John FitzPatrick, 1st Earl Of Upper Ossory (born 1719 )
- October 12 - Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth , British field marshal (born 1680 )
- October 14
- --- Wilhelmine Of Bayreuth , daughter of Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia (born 1709 )
- --- Francis Edward James Keith , Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (born 1696 )
- October 20 - Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke Of Marlborough , British politician (born 1706 )
- November 5 - Hans Egede , Norwegian Lutheran missionary (born 1686 )
- November 12 - John Cockburn , Scottish politician
- November 20 - Johan Helmich Roman , Swedish composer (born 1694 )
- November 22 - Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe , English politician (born 1680 )
- December 5 - Johann Friedrich Fasch , German composer (born 1688 )
- December 12 - Françoise D'Issembourg D'Happoncourt, Madame De Graffigny , French lettrist (born 1695 )
- December 15 - John Dyer , Welsh poet (born 1699 )
- December 16 - Andrzej Stanisław Załuski , Polish-Lithuanian bishop (born 1695 )
- December 25 - James Hervey , English clergyman and writer (born 1714 )
- December 26 - François Joseph Lagrange-Chancel , French dramatist and satirist (born 1677 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Theophilus Cibber , English actor (born 1703 )
- --- François Mackandal , Haitian revolutionary leader
- --- Nathaniel Meserve , American shipwright (born 1704 )
- --- Philip Southcote , English landscape gardener (born 1698 )
- --- Marthanda Varma , Rani of Attingal (born 1706 )
: ''See also .''
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