Year (''' MDCCXLIX ''') was a Common Year Starting On Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian Calendar ).
: Halifax.]]
- While in Debtor's Prison , John Cleland writes '' Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure)''. Released from prison, the book was published in London . Immediately, the Church Of England asked the British Secretary of State to "''stop the progress of this vile Book, which is an open insult upon Religion and good manners''." As a result, Cleland was arrested and charged with "corrupting the King's subjects."
- January 13 - Friedrich Müller , painter, narrator, lyricist and dramatist (died 1825 )
- January 17 - Vittorio Alfieri , Italian dramatist (died 1803 )
- January 24 - Charles James Fox , English politician (died 1806 )
- January 29 - King Christian VII Of Denmark (died 1808 )
- March 9 - Honore Mirabeau , French politician (died 1791 )
- March 10 - Lorenzo Da Ponte , Italian librettist (died 1838 )
- March 23 - Pierre Simon De Laplace , French mathematician and astronomer (died 1827 )
- May 17 - Edward Jenner , English physician (died 1823 )
- April 11 - Adelaide Labille-Guiard , French portrait painter (died 1803 )
- June 15 - Georg Joseph Vogler , German composer (died 1814 )
- August 28 - Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe , German writer (died 1832 )
- September 25 - Abraham Gottlob Werner , German geologist (died 1817 )
- September 30 - Comte Siméon Joseph Jérôme , French jurist and politician (died 1842 )
- November 23 - Edward Rutledge , American statesman (died 1800 )
- December 17 - Domenico Cimarosa , Italian composer (died 1801 )
: ''See also .''
- February 8 - Jan Van Huysum , Dutch painter (born 1682 )
- May 24 - Graf Valentin Potocki , Polish nobleman
- June 18 - Ambrose Philips , English poet (born 1675 )
- July 3 - William Jones , Welsh mathematician (born 1675 )
- July 12 - Charles De La Boische, Marquis De Beauharnois , Governor of New France born c. 1671 )
- August 13 - Johann Elias Schlegel , German critic and poet (born 1719 )
- September 10 - Emilie Du Chatelet , French mathematician and physicist (born 1706 )
- September 14 - Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham , English soldier and politician (born 1675 )
- October 4 - Franz Freiherr Von Der Trenck , Austrian soldier (born 1711 )
- December 5 - Pierre Gaultier De Varennes Et De La Vérendrye , French-Canadian explorer and trader (born 1685 )
- December 19 - Francesco Antonio Bonporti , Italian priest and composer (born 1672 )
- ''date unknown'' - Maria Oriana Galli-Bibiena , Italian Painter (born 1656 )
: ''See also .''
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