Year (''' MDCCXXXVIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- January 21 - Ethan Allen , American patriot (d. 1789 )
- April 12 - Padre Francisco Garcés , Spanish missionary (d. 1781 )
- April 14 - William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke Of Portland , Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom (d. 1809 )
- April 16 - Henry Clinton , British officer (d. 1795 )
- May 27 - Nathaniel Gorham , American politician (d. 1796 )
- June 4 - King George III Of The United Kingdom (d. 1820 )
- July 3 - John Singleton Copley , American painter (d. 1815 )
- September 25 - Nicholas Van Dyke , American lawyer and President of Delaware (d. 1789 )
- October 11 - Arthur Phillip , British admiral and Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814 )
- October 18 - Andrei Bolotov , Russian agriculturalist and memoirist (d. 1833 )
- November 15 - William Herschel , German-born astronomer (d. 1822 )
- December 31 - Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis , British general (d. 1805 )
: ''See also .''
- February 15 - Matthias Braun , Czech sculptor (born 1684 )
- March 16 - George Bähr , German architect (born 1666 )
- March 25 - Turlough O'Carolan , Irish harper and composer (born 1670 )
- May 1 - Charles Howard, 3rd Earl Of Carlisle , English statesman (born c. 1669 )
- May 15 - Sir John Chesshyre , English lawyer (born 1662 )
- June 5 - Isaac De Beausobre , French Protestant pastor (born 1659 )
- June 21 - Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend , English politician (born 1674 )
- September 23 - Herman Boerhaave , Dutch humanist and physician (born 1668 )
- December 22 - Constantia Jones , English prostitute (executed) (born c. 1708 )
: ''See also .''
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