Year (''' MDCCXXIII ''') was a Common Year Starting On Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Tuesday of the 11-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- January 12 - Samuel Langdon , American President of Harvard University (died 1797 )
- February 15 - John Witherspoon , American signer of the Declaration of Independence (died 1794 )
- February 17 - Tobias Mayer , German astronomer (died 1761 )
- February 21 - Louis-Pierre Anquetil , French historian (died 1808 )
- February 23 - Richard Price , Welsh philosopher (died 1791 )
- February 24 - John Burgoyne , British general (died 1792 )
- March 22 - Charles Carroll , American lawyer and Continental Congressman (died 1783 )
- March 23 - Agha Mohammad Khan Ghajar , Iranian king (died 1778 )
- March 31 - King Frederick V Of Denmark (died 1766 )
- April 20 - Cornelius Harnett , American Continental Congressman (died 1781 )
- April 30 - Mathurin Jacques Brisson , French naturalist (died 1806 )
- June 3 - Giovanni Antonio Scopoli , Italian-born physician and naturalist (died 1788 )
- June 5 - (baptised) Adam Smith , Scottish economist and philosopher (died 1790 )
- June 11 - Johann Georg Palitzsch , German astronomer (died 1788 )
- June 20
- --- Adam Ferguson , Scottish philosopher and historian (died 1816 )
- --- Theophilus Lindsey , English theologian (died 1808 )
- July 1 - Pedro Rodríguez, Conde De Campomanes , Spanish statesman and writer (died 1802 )
- July 10 - William Blackstone , English jurist (died 1780 )
- July 11 - Jean-François Marmontel , French historian and writer (died 1799 )
- July 16 - Sir Joshua Reynolds , English painter (died 1792 )
- September 11 - Johann Bernhard Basedow , German educational reformer (died 1790 )
- October 4 - Nikolaus Poda Von Neuhaus , German entomologist (died 1798 )
- November 8 - John Byron , English admiral (died 1786 )
- November 30 - William Livingston , American politician and journalist (died 1790 )
- December 22 - Karl Friedrich Abel , German composer (died 1787 )
- December 26 - Friedrich Melchior, Baron Von Grimm , German writer (died 1807 )
: ''See also .''
- February 25 - Sir Christopher Wren , English architect, astronomer, and mathematician (born 1632 )
- February 26 - Thomas D'Urfey , English writer (born 1653 )
- March 15 - Johann Christian Günther , German poet (born 1695 )
- March 31 - Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl Of Clarendon , British Governor of New York and New Jersey (born 1661 )
- April 11 - John Robinson , English diplomat (born 1650 )
- May 11 - Jean Galbert De Campistron , French dramatist (born 1656 )
- July 14 - Claude Fleury , French historian (born 1640 )
- July 26 - Robert Bertie, 1st Duke Of Ancaster And Kesteven , English statesman (born 1660 )
- August 10 - Guillaume Dubois , French cardinal and statesman (born 1656 )
- August 17 - Joseph Bingham , English scholar (born 1668 )
- August 23 - Increase Mather , American Puritan minister (born 1639 )
- August 26 - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek , Dutch scientist (born 1632 )
- October 10 - William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper , Lord Chancellor Of England (born c. 1665 )
- October 19 - Godfrey Kneller , German-born artist (born 1646 )
- October 31 - Cosimo III De' Medici, Grand Duke Of Tuscany (b. 1642 )
- November 19 - Antoine Nompar De Caumont , French courtier and statesman (born 1632 )
- December 1 - Susanna Centlivre , English dramatist and actress (born 1669 )
- December 2 - Philip II, Duke Of Orléans , regent of France (born 1674 )
- December 7 - Jan Santini Aichel , Czech architect (born 1677 )
- December 20 - Augustus Quirinus Rivinus , German physician and botanist (born 1652 )
: ''See also .''
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