Year was a Leap Year Starting On Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year Starting On Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- January 25 - William Cavendish, 1st Duke Of Devonshire , English soldier and statesman (d. 1707 )
- March 18 - Philippe De La Hire , French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1719 )
- March 30 - John Trenchard , English statesman (d. 1695 )
- April 1 - Georg Mohr , Danish mathematician (d. 1697 )
- May 31 - Michał Wiśniowiecki, King Of Poland (d. 1673 )
- June 9 - Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1705 )
- July 10 - Aphra Behn , English author (d. 1689 )
- September 29 - Antoine Coysevox , French sculptor (d. 1720 )
- November 28 - Willem De Vlamingh , Flemish sea captain
- December 6 - Claude Fleury , French historian (d. 1723 )
- December 13 - Robert Plot , British naturalist (d. 1696 )
: ''See also .''
- January 14 - Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry , English lawyer and judge (b. 1578 )
- January 25 - Robert Burton , English scholar (b. 1577 )
- February 9 - Murad IV , Ottoman Sultan (b. 1612 )
- March 17 - Philip Massinger , English dramatist (b. 1583 )
- April - Uriel Da Costa , Portuguese philosopher (suicide) (b. 1585 )
- April 10 - Agostino Agazzari , Italian composer (b. 1578 )
- May 30 - Peter Paul Rubens , German painter (b. 1577 )
- June 3
- --- John Aylmer , English political theorist (b. 1521 )
- --- June 3 - Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl Of Suffolk , English politician (b. 1584 )
- September 30 - Charles, Duke Of Guise (b. 1571 )
- October 20 - John Ball , English Puritan clergyman (b. 1585 )
- December 30 - John Francis Regis , French saint (b. 1597 )
- ''date unknown'' - Pedro Teixeira , explorer
- ''probable'' - John Ford , dramatist (b. 1586 )
: ''See also .''
The play Cyrano by Edmond Rostand takes place in the year 1640.
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