Year ( MDCXXXVIII ) was a Common Year Starting On Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year Starting On Monday of the 10-day slower Julian Calendar ).
- January 1 - Emperor Go-Sai (died 1685 )
- January 24 - Charles Sackville, 6th Earl Of Dorset , English poet and courtier (died 1706 )
- March 14 - Johann Georg Gichtel , German mystic (died 1710 )
- March 15 - Shunzhi Emperor of China (died c. 1661 )
- March 23 - Frederik Ruysch , Dutch physician and anatomist (died 1731 )
- May 6 - Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell , First Lord of the British Admiralty (died 1696 )
- May 13 - Richard Simon , French Biblical critic (died 1712 )
- July 10 - David Teniers III , Flemish painter (died 1685 )
- August 6 - Nicolas Malebranche , French philosopher (died 1715 )
- September 5 - King Louis XIV Of France (died 1715 )
- September 10 - Maria Theresa Of Spain , wife of Louis XIV Of France (died 1683 )
- November 25 - Catherine Of Braganza , wife of Charles II Of England (died 1705 )
: ''See also .''
- January 21 - Ignazio Donati , Italian composer (born c. 1570 )
- January 27 - Gonzalo De Céspedes Y Meneses , Spanish novelist (born c. 1585 )
- February 26 - Claude Gaspard Bachet De Méziriac , French mathematician (born 1581 )
- April 7 - Shimazu Tadatsune , Japanese ruler of Satsuma (born 1576 )
- April 13 - Henri, Duc De Rohan , French Huguenot leader (born 1579 )
- May 6 - Cornelius Jansen , French bishop and religious reformer (born 1585 )
- June 25 - Juan Pérez De Montalbán , Spanish writer (born 1602 )
- September 14 - John Harvard , American clergyman (born 1607 )
- November 9 - Johann Heinrich Alsted , German theologian (born 1588 )
- November 11 - Cornelis Corneliszoon Van Haarlem , Dutch painter (born 1562 )
- December 8 - Ivan Gundulić , Croatian poet (born 1589 )
- ''date unknown'' - Pietro Paolo Floriani , architect (born 1585 )
: ''See also .''
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