arrives.]]
: Livonian .]]
Year was a Leap Year Starting On Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian Calendar .
Pirate s.]]
- The oldest surviving Violin (dated inside), known as the ''Charles IX'', is made in Cremona , in northern Italy .
- January 17 - Gaspard Bauhin , Swiss botanist (died 1624 )
- March 8 - Carlo Gesualdo , Italian composer and murderer (died 1613 )
- June 25 - Wilhelm Fabry , German surgeon (died 1634 )
- August 7 - Elizabeth Báthory , Hungarian serial killer (died 1614 )
- August 10 - Hieronymus Praetorius , German composer (died 1629 )
- September 11 - Krystyna Radziwiłł , Polish noblewoman (died 1580 )
- October 10 - Jacobus Arminius , Dutch theologian (died 1609 )
- November 3 - Annibale Carracci , Italian painter (died 1609 )
- December 3 - Jan Gruter , Dutch critic and scholar (died 1627 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Felice Anerio , Italian composer (died 1614 )
- --- Jan Karol Chodkiewicz , Polish military commander (died 1621 )
- --- Dominicus Corea , King of Kotte of Ceylon (died 1596 )
- --- James Crichton , Scottish scholar (died 1582 )
- --- Lieven De Key , Dutch architect (died 1627 )
- --- Hector MacLean Of Dowart , Scottish Lord of the Clan MacLean (died 1630 )
- --- Ishida Mitsunari , Japanese samurai (died 1600 )
- --- Niall Garve O'Donnell , Irish nobleman (died 1626 )
- --- Katarzyna Ostrogska , Polish noblewoman (died 1579 )
- --- John Owen , epigrammatist (died 1622 )
- --- Anton Praetorius , German pastor (died 1613 )
: ''See also .''
- January 1 - Joachim Du Bellay , French poet (born c 1522 )
- February 7 - Bartolommeo Bandinelli , Florentine sculptor (born 1493 )
- February 16 - Jean Du Bellay , French cardinal and diplomat (born c 1493 )
- April 19 - Philipp Melanchthon , German humanist and reformer (born 1497 )
- June 11 - Mary Of Guise , queen of James V Of Scotland and regent (born 1515 )
- June 12 - Imagawa Yoshimoto , Japanese daimyo (born 1519 )
- June 12 - Ii Naomori , Japanese warrior (born 1506 )
- August 4 - Maeda Toshimasa , Japanese samurai (born ?)
- August 7 - Anastasia Of Russia , wife Tsar Ivan The Terrible
- September 8 - Amy Robsart , English noblewoman (born 1536 )
- September 29 - King Gustav I Of Sweden (born 1496 )
- September 30 - Melchior Cano , Spanish theologian (born 1525 )
- November 25 - Andrea Doria , Italian naval commander (born 1466 )
- December 5 - King Francis II Of France (born 1544 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Jan Laski , Polish Protestant evangelical reformer (born 1499 )
- --- John Sheppard , English composer and organist (born 1515 )
: ''See also .''
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