Year ( MDXL ) was a Leap Year Starting On Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian Calendar .
- January 24 - Edmund Campion , English Jesuit and Roman Catholic martyr (died 1581 )
- January 28 - Ludolph Van Ceulen , German mathematician (died 1610 )
- June 3 - Archduke Charles II Of Austria , regent of Inner Austria (died 1590 )
- June 11 - Barnabe Googe , English poet (died 1594 )
- August 5 - Joseph Justus Scaliger , French Protestant scholar (died 1609 )
- August 26 - King Magnus Of Livonia (died 1583 )
- October 1 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus , Swiss Protestant clergyman (died 1617 )
- November 16 - Cecilia Of Sweden (died 1627 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Andrea Andreani , Italian engraver on wood (died 1623 )
- --- Christopher Hatton , English politician (died 1591 )
- --- George Hastings, 4th Earl Of Huntingdon , English nobleman (died 1604 )
- --- Pierre Jeannin , French statesman (died 1622 )
- --- Lettice Knollys , lady-in-waiting to Elizabeth I Of England (died 1634 )
- --- Henry Howard, 1st Earl Of Northampton (died 1614 )
- --- Zofia Odrowaz , Polish noblewoman (died 1580 )
- --- Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl Of Tyrone , Irish rebel (died 1616 )
- --- François Viète , French mathematician (died 1603 )
- --- Amago Yoshihisa , Japanese samurai and warlord (died 1610 )
- ''probable''
- --- William Byrd , English composer (died 1623 )
- --- Bernardino De Mendoza , Spanish military commander (died 1604
- --- Leonhard Rauwolf , German physician and botanist (died 1596 )
: ''See also .''
- March 30 - Matthäus Lang Von Wellenburg , German statesman and archbishop of Salzburg (born 1469 )
- May 6 - Juan Luís Vives , Spanish scholar (born 1492 )
- May 22 - Francesco Guicciardini , Italian statesman and historian (born 1483 )
- July 28 - Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl Of Essex , English statesman (executed) (born c 1485 )
- July 30 - Thomas Abel , English priest (martyred) (born c 1497 )
- July 30 - Robert Barnes , English reformer (martyred) (born 1495 )
- August 23 - Guillaume Budé , French scholar (born 1467 )
- August 24 - Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola , Italian artist (b. 1503 )
- August 28 - Frederick II, Duke Of Mantua (born 1500 )
- September 2 - Lebna Dengel , Emperor Of Ethiopia (died in battle) (born 1501 )
- October 5 - Helius Eobanus Hessus , German Latin poet (born 1488 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Elizabeth Blount , mistress of Henry VIII Of England (born 1502 )
- --- Angela Merici , Italian religious leader and saint born in Desenzano del Garda (born 1474 )
- --- Francisco De Ulloa , Spanish explorer
- ''probable''
- --- Tristão Da Cunha , Portuguese explorer (born 1460 )
- --- Johann Georg Faust , German alchemist (born 1480 )
: ''See also .''
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