Year was a Common Year Starting On Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian Calendar .
- February 18 - Uesugi Kenshin , Japanese samurai and warlord (died 1578 )
- May 7 - Louis I De Bourbon, Prince De Condé , French Protestant general (died 1569 )
- June 17 - François De Montmorency (died 1579 )
- July 3 - Claude Fauchet , French historian (died 1601 )
- August 25 - Ivan IV Of Russia (died 1584 )
- September 30 - Geronimo Mercuriali , Italian philologist and physician (d. 1606 )
- November 1 - Étienne De La Boétie , French judge and writer (died 1563 )
- November 6 - Josias Simler , Swiss scholar (died 1576 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Julius Caesar Aranzi , Italian anatomist (died 1589 )
- --- Christopher Báthory , Prince of Transylvania (died 1581 )
- --- Jean Bodin , French jurist (died 1596 )
- --- Pey De Garros , Provençal poet (died 1585 )
- --- Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki , Polish bishop, political thinker and philosopher (died 1607 )
- --- Thomas Hoby , English diplomat and translator (died 1566 )
- --- Shibata Katsuie , Japanese military commander during the Sengoku Period (died 1583 )
- --- Koriki Kiyonaga , daimyo in Azuchi-Momoyama period and Edo period (died 1608 )
- --- Jan Kochanowski , Polish writer (died 1584 )
- --- Ralph Lane , English explorer (died 1603 )
- --- Jean Nicot , French diplomat and scholar (died 1606 )
- --- Otomo Sorin , Japanese Christian daimyo (died 1587 )
- --- Richard Tarlton , English actor (died 1588 )
- --- Mordecai Yoffe , author of Levush Malkhut (died 1612 )
- ''probable''
- --- Moses Isserles , rabbi and Talmudist (died 1572 )
- --- Claude Le Jeune , French composer (died 1600 )
- --- Gabriel, Comte De Montgomery , captain of the Scottish Guard of Henry II of France (died 1574 )
- --- Grace O'Malley , Irish noblewoman (died 1603 )
- --- Shane O'Neill , Irish chieftain and rebel (died 1567 )
- --- Turlough Luineach O'Neill , Irish chieftain of Tyrone (died 1595 )
- --- Jöran Persson , Swedish politician (diest 1568 )
- --- Nicholas Sanders , English Catholic propagandist (died 1581 )
: ''See also .''
- April 27 - Jacopo Sannazaro , Italian poet (born 1458 )
- June 5 - Mercurino Gattinara , Italian statesman and jurist (born 1465 )
- August 2 - Kano Masanobu , chief painter of the Ashikaga shogunate (born 1434 )
- August 3 - Francesco Ferruccio , Florentine captain (born 1489 )
- August 10 - Konstanty Ostrogski , Grand Hetman of Lithuania (born 1460 )
- August 29 - Moise Of Wallachia
- November 29 - Cardinal Thomas Wolsey , British statesman (born c 1473 )
- December 1 - Margaret Of Austria , Regent of the Netherlands (born 1480 )
- December 22 - Willibald Pirckheimer , humanist (born 1470 )
- December 26 - Babur , founder of the Mughal Empire (born 1483 )
- ''date unknown''
- --- Joanna La Beltraneja , Princess of Castile (born 1462 )
- --- Quentin Matsys , Flemish painter (born 1466 )
- --- Estienne De La Roche , mathematician (born 1470 )
: ''See also .''
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