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The effect of working set size is important and should be neither too large nor too small. If the working set is too large, then fewer Processes can never be ready. If the working set is too small, then additional requests must be made of the Swapping Space to retrieve required pages.

The working set model states that a process can be in RAM if and only if all of the pages that it is currently using (the most recently used pages) can be in RAM. The model is an all or nothing model, meaning if the pages it needs to use increases, and there is no room in RAM, the process is kicked from memory to free the memory for other processes to use.