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Some examples of walled gardens include the following:

  • America Online . AOL started its business with revenue sharing agreements with certain information providers in their subscriber-only space. Though AOL was one of the most famous walled gardens, in the mid 1990s it started to provide general Internet access to its subscribers.


  • NTT DoCoMo I-mode . The interactive mobile phone content portal signs on ''content partners'' into their walled-garden, but also allows open internet-access to 'unofficial sites'. For official content providers DoCoMo shares subscription revenue and places the fee on the subscribers mobile bill. It does not share data revenue with any content providers. This is a 'semi-walled' garden approach.


  • Full Service Network . A pilot project from Time Warner in the early 1990s, this was an early Interactive Television system that provided residents of Orlando, Florida, access to online shopping, grocery order and US Mail Service.


  • Infovía , a Spain -wide Intranet established by Telefónica in the 1990s. It connected content providers and Modem users. Telefonica provided the connection between modems and server over its telephone and data networks. Telefonica expected that its warranty of avoiding Man-in-the-middle attacks would promote Infovía as a venue for e-commerce. Soon the main use was just as a gateway between modem users and a plethora of Internet Service Provider s that avoided the cost of a Modem Pool and dealt just with the connection to the Internet.



  • ITunes / IPod . A Music Service and Music Player offered by Apple Computer technologicaly designed to work with each other. iTunes allows iPod owners exclusive access to purchase and play DRM songs from its service, but to no others. In 2003, Apple issued an iPod Firmware upgrade (v2.0) disabling iPod owners with Real 's Rhapsody music service from using Real's DRM songs on iPod's. Apple's service is not a completely walled garden, as iTunes now allows anyone to make a podcast available.



HISTORY

The first use of the term "walled garden" to describe a protected collection of information may date to Alcuin of York, the English scholar who established Charlemagne's famous library. In 796, he sent some of his pupils back to his old school at York to retrieve a number of rare manuscripts: "I say this that you may agree to send some of our boys to get everything we need from there and bring the flowers of Britain back to France that as well as the walled garden in York there may be off-shoots of paradise bearing fruit in Tours."