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The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of Consonant al sound, used in some Spoken Language s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is D. The dental fricatives are often called "interdental" because they are often produced with the tongue between the upper and lower Teeth , and not just against the back of the teeth, as they are with other Dental Consonant s. It is familiar to English speakers as the 'th' sound in then. FEATURES Features of the voiced dental fricative:
IN ENGLISH The voiced dental fricative occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the 'th' digraph in ''this'' and ''the''. It is different from the sound represented by 'th' in ''thing'' and ''bath'', which is the Voiceless Dental Fricative . In Old English , the letters þ and ð were used interchangeably for this sound and the Voiceless Dental Fricative , but they have been dropped from modern usage in favour of the 'th' digraph. Although the same digraph is used for the voiced and voiceless forms, these sounds are not interchangeable in spoken English. In transliterations of terms from foreign languages into English, ð gets respelled as dh, disambiguating it from θ (which gets rendered as '''th'''). See also: Pronunciation Of English Th . OTHER LANGUAGES Many commonly spoken languages, such as German , French , Japanese , and Chinese , lack this sound. Native speakers of those languages sometimes have difficulty enunciating or distinguishing it, and replace it with a Voiced Alveolar Fricative or a Voiced Dental Plosive . Confusingly, the dental fricative symbol is often used when transcribing the "weak" Allophone of Spanish /d/, which occurs between vowels. However, this is actually a dental Approximant (with slight frication) rather than a fricative, and would be more accurately transcribed with the Lowering diacritic, . Icelandic Icelandic has a letter ð , but it is not quite this sound. Rather it is a Voiced Alveolar Non-sibilant Fricative . Welsh Welsh uses the digraph 'dd' for this sound. Albanian Albanian uses the digraph 'dh' for this sound. Arabic Arabic uses the letter ذ (''dhaal'') for this sound. Northern Sami Northern Sami retains the letter đ for this sound. Hebrew In most vocalizations of modern Hebrew this consonant is not used, but Ancient Hebrew used the letter ד (''dhaleth'' without Dagesh . With dagesh it becomes דּ, ''daleth'') for this sound. In several vocalizations this distinction has been retained (''e.g.'', Teimani ), and it is frequently heard inter-vocalically by Modern Hebrew speakers whose native language is Spanish . Finnish According to contemporary fennists voiced dental fricative was used in old Finnish as weak pair of Consonant Gradation of singular voiceless plosive t. In old literature it was marked with <dh>. Greek The letter Delta (Δ, δ) stands for the voiced dental fricative in Modern Greek , though as a technical symbol it is pronounced as a D (a Voiced Alveolar Plosive ) by non-Greeks. SEE ALSO |
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