Information About

Upsampling




The upsampling factor (commonly denoted by ''L'') is usually an integer or a rational fraction greater than unity. This factor multiplies the sampling rate or, equivalently, divides the sampling period. For example, if Compact Disc audio is upsampled by a factor of 5/4 then the resulting sampling rate goes from 44,100 Hz to 55,125 Hz, which increases the Bit Rate from 1,411,200 bit/s to 1,764,000 bit/s. The range of valid frequencies (i.e., those that satisfy the Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem ) has gone from 22,050 Hz to 27,562.5 (an increase in 5,512.5 Hz).


SAMPLING THEOREM SATISFACTION

The upsampled signal satisfies the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem if the original signal does.

Unlike in Downsampling which uses a Low-pass Filter as an Anti-aliasing Filter , upsampling uses an interpolation filter, which also is a low-pass filter.


UPSAMPLING PROCESS

Consider a Discrete Signal f(k) on a radian frequency Digital Frequency range.


Upsampling by integer factor

Let ''L'' denote the upsampling factor.

#Add ''L-1'' zeros between each sample in f(k). Or, equivalently define g(k) = \left \{ \begin{matrix} f\left( rac{k}{L} ight) & \mbox{if } rac{k}{L} \mbox{ is an integer} \ 0 & \mbox{otherwise} \end{matrix} ight.
#Filter with a low-pass filter which, theoretically, should be the Sinc Filter with frequency cut off at rac{\pi}{2L}

The second step calls for the use of a perfect low-pass filter, which is not implementable.
When choosing a realizable low-pass filter this will have to be considered and it will have Aliasing effects.


Upsampling by rational fraction

Let ''L/M'' denote the upsampling factor.

#Upsample by a factor of ''L''
# Downsample by a factor of ''M''

Note that upsampling requires an interpolation filter after increasing the data rate and that downsampling requires a filter before decimation.
These two filters can be combined into a single filter.
Since both interpolation and anti-aliasing filters are low-pass filters, the filter with the smallest bandwidth is more restrictive and, thus, can be used in place of both filters.
Since the rational fraction ''L/M'' is greater than unity then M < L and the single low-pass filter should have cutoff at rac{\pi}{2L}.


SEE ALSO