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Upper surface of right tibia (Anterior is at top)
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Knee diagrampng
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The (or '''proximal extremity''') is large, and expanded into two eminences, the
Medial Condyle and
Lateral Condyle .
The superior articular surface presents two smooth articular facets.
- The , oval in shape, is slightly concave from side to side, and from before backward.
- The , nearly circular, is concave from side to side, but slightly convex from before backward, especially at its posterior part, where it is prolonged on to the posterior surface for a short distance.
The central portions of these facets articulate with the condyles of the
Femur , while their peripheral portions support the
Menisci of the
Knee-joint , which here intervene between the two bones.
Between the articular facets, but nearer the posterior than the anterior aspect of the bone, is the (''spine of tibia''), surmounted on either side by a prominent tubercle, on to the sides of which the articular facets are prolonged; in front of and behind the intercondyloid eminence are rough depressions for the attachment of the anterior and
Posterior Cruciate Ligament s and the menisci.
The ''anterior surfaces'' of the condyles are continuous with one another, forming a large somewhat flattened area; this area is triangular, broad above, and perforated by large vascular foramina; narrow below where it ends in a large oblong elevation, the , which gives attachment to the
Ligamentum Patellæ ; a
Bursa intervenes between the deep surface of the ligament and the part of the bone immediately above the tuberosity.
''Posteriorly,'' the condyles are separated from each other by a shallow depression, the , which gives attachment to part of the
Posterior Cruciate Ligament of the
Knee-joint .
The medial condyle presents posteriorly a deep transverse groove, for the insertion of the tendon of the
Semimembranosus .
Its ''medial surface'' is convex, rough, and prominent; it gives attachment to the
Tibial Collateral Ligament .
The lateral condyle presents posteriorly a flat articular facet, nearly circular in form, directed downward, backward, and lateralward, for articulation with the head of the fibula.
Its ''lateral surface'' is convex, rough, and prominent in front: on it is an eminence, situated on a level with the upper border of the tuberosity and at the junction of its anterior and lateral surfaces, for the attachment of the
Iliotibial Band .
Just below this a part of the
Extensor Digitorum Longus takes origin and a slip from the tendon of the
Biceps Femoris is inserted.
