| Turin Papyrus Map |
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The map shows a 15 kilometre stretch of Wadi Hammamat and has depictions of this Wadi 's confluence with wadis Atalla and el-Sid, the surrounding hills, the bekhen-stone quarry, and the Gold mine and settlement at Bir Umm Fawakhir. It also includes numerous annotations identifying the features shown on the map, the destinations of the wadi routes, the distance between the quarry and mine, the location of gold deposits in the hills, and the sizes of the bekhen-stone blocks quarried. The top of the map is toward the south and the source of the Nile River . As currently reconstructed in the Turin Museum, the map measures 2.8 m long by 0.41 m wide. This arrangement of the map fragments is currently considered incorrect however. A new, more accurate reconstruction was proposed by Harrell and Brown (1992a, 1992b). Besides being a Topographic map of surprisingly modern aspect, the Turin Papyrus is also a Geological map (the earliest known) because it accurately shows the local distribution of different rock types (with black and pink hills) and the Lithologically diverse wadi Gravel s (with brown, green and white dots), and it contains information on quarrying and mining. The draughtsman clearly and carefuly distributed distinctive features in accordance with the reality of a particular area, adding clarity by the use of legends and contrasting colors. In this respect, the Turin Papyrus may be regarded as the earliest known Geographic Information System . REFERENCES
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