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For the rhythm associated with a specific Orisha in the Santería religion, see Toque (rhythm) . A toque (pronounced /tok/; for /tuk/ see "Canadian variant" below) is a type of Hat with a narrow brim or no brim at all. They were popular from the 13th to the 16th century in Europe, especially France . ETYMOLOGY
CULINARY USE A ''toque blanche'' ( French for "white hat") is a tall, round, pleated, starched white hat worn by Chef s. The many folds on a toque blanche are believed to signify the many ways that an Egg can be cooked. Many toques have exactly 100 pleats. The toque most likely originated as the result of the gradual evolution of head coverings worn by cooks throughout the centuries. Their roots are sometimes traced to the ''casque a meche'' (stocking cap) worn by 18th-century French chefs. The color of the ''casque a meche'' denoted the rank of the wearer. Boucher, the personal chef of the French statesman Talleyrand , was the first to insist on white toques for sanitary reasons. The modern toque is popularily believed to have originated with the famous French chefs Marie-Antoine Carême and Auguste Escoffier . JUSTICE
ACADEMIC The pleated, low, round hat worn in French universities—the equivalent of the Mortarboard or tam at British and American universities—is also called a toque. HERALDRY In the Napoleonic era, the French first empire replaced the Coronet s of traditional ('royal') heraldry with a rigorously standardized system (as other respects of 'Napoleonic' coats of arms) of toques, reflecting the rank of the bearer. SPORTS Toque is also used for a hard type hat or Helmet , worn for riding, especially in Equestrian sports, often black and covered with black Velvet . CANADIAN VARIANT In Canada, a Toque Or Tuque ( IPA ) is a knit Winter hat, originally a French-Canadian Wool en hat. This "fashion" originated when '' Coureurs Des Bois '' kept their woollen nightcaps on for warmth during cold winter days. The ''Canadian Oxford Dictionary'' regards the use of ''toque'' for this hat to be assimilated from the Etymologically unrelated French word ''tuque''. REFERENCES
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