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A textile is any type of material made from Fiber s or other extended linear materials such as Thread Or Yarn (1). Classes of textiles include Woven , Crocheted , Knitted , Knot ted (as in Macrame ) or Tufted Cloth , and Non-woven fabrics such as Felt . Materials made from fibers such as Fiberglass , carbon fiber, and ceramic fiber which are infiltrated by a matrix of another material are considered fiber-reinforced Composite Material s.

The production of textiles is an ancient craft, whose speed and scale of production has been altered almost beyond recognition by mass-production and the introduction of modern manufacturing techniques. However, a Roman weaver would have no problem recognizing modern plain weave, Twill or Satin .

Many textiles have been in use for millennia, while others use artificial Fiber s and are recent inventions. The range of fibers has increased in the last 100 years. The first synthetics were made in the 1920s and 1930s.


SOURCES AND TYPES

Textiles can be made from a variety of materials. The following is a partial list of the materials that can be used to make textiles.


Animal origin



Vegetable

  • Bark Cloth has various uses, and is used in sheets.

  • Bamboo fibre from bamboo.

  • s.

  • Cotton

  • Grass , Rush and Straw

  • Hemp (mostly used in Rope making)

  • Jute

  • Kapok

  • Linen , made from Flax

  • Nettle : processed in a similar manner to flax.

  • Ramie

  • Seaweed : a water soluble fibre (alginate) is produced. This is used as a holding fibre in the production of certain textiles: when the cloth is finished the alginate is dissolved, leaving an open area.

  • Sisal



Derived from plant products



Mineral



Synthetic



PRODUCTION METHODS



PROCESSES

  • Carding

  • Bleach ing – where the natural or original colour of the textile is removed by chemicals or exposure to sunlight.

  • , natural and synthetic, some of which require Mordant s.

  • Textile Printing

  • Embroidery – threads which are added to the surface of a finished textile for ornamentation.

  • Starch ing

  • Waterproof ing and other finishings.



USES

Textiles have been used in almost every possible context where their properties are useful.
In Cleaning


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