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This page lists some of the most common antiderivatives; a more complete list can be found in the List Of Integrals .

We use ''C'' for an Arbitrary Constant Of Integration that can only be determined if something about the value of the integral at some point is known. Thus each function has an infinite number of antiderivatives.

These formulas only state in another form the assertions in the Table Of Derivatives .


RULES FOR INTEGRATION OF GENERAL FUNCTIONS


:\int af(x)\,dx = a\int f(x)\,dx
:\int + g(x) \,dx = \int f(x)\,dx + \int g(x)\,dx
:\int f(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)\int g(x)\,dx - \int \left(\int g(x)\,dx ight)\,d(f(x))


INTEGRALS OF SIMPLE FUNCTIONS


Rational Function s


:\int \,dx = x + C
:\int x^n\,dx = rac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\qquad\mbox{ if }n
e -1




Irrational Function s

more integrals: List Of Integrals Of Irrational Functions

:\int {dx \over \sqrt{a^2-x^2}} = \arcsin {x \over a} + C
:\int {-dx \over \sqrt{a^2-x^2}} = \arccos {x \over a} + C


Trigonometric Function s

more integrals: List Of Integrals Of Trigonometric Functions and List Of Integrals Of Arc Functions

:\int \sin{x}\, dx = -\cos{x} + C
:\int \cos{x}\, dx = \sin{x} + C
:\int \sec^2 x \, dx = an x + C
:\int \csc^2 x \, dx = -\cot x + C
:\int \sec{x} \, an{x} \, dx = \sec{x} + C
:\int \csc{x} \, \cot{x} \, dx = - \csc{x} + C
:\int \sin^2 x \, dx = rac{1}{2}(x - \sin x \cos x) + C
:\int \cos^2 x \, dx = rac{1}{2}(x + \sin x \cos x) + C
:\int \sin^n x \, dx = - rac{\sin^{n-1} {x} \cos {x}}{n} + rac{n-1}{n} \int \sin^{n-2}{x} \, dx
:\int \cos^n x \, dx = - rac{\cos^{n-1} {x} \sin {x}}{n} + rac{n-1}{n} \int \cos^{n-2}{x} \, dx

:\int_{0}^{2 \pi} e^{x \cos heta} d heta = 2 \pi I_{0}(x) (where I_{0}(x) is the modified Bessel Function of the first kind)

:\int_{0}^{2 \pi} e^{x \cos heta + y \sin heta} d heta = 2 \pi I_{0} \left( \sqrt{x^2 + y^2} ight)