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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/IUPAC_nomenclature" class="copylinks">Systematic Name
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Chemical_formula" class="copylinks">Molecular Formula
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification" class="copylinks">SMILES <!-- mostly for organic compounds, omit otherwise -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Molar_mass" class="copylinks">Molar Mass
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/hygroscopic" class="copylinks">Hygroscopic -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/CAS_registry_number" class="copylinks">CAS Number
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"57-50-01" class="copylinks" target="_blank">{Link without Title}
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Density" class="copylinks">Density and Phase
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Solubility" class="copylinks">Solubility in Water
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/ethanol" class="copylinks">Ethanol , Acetone -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Melting_point" class="copylinks">Melting Point
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Boiling_point" class="copylinks">Boiling Point
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Specific_rotation" class="copylinks">Chiral Rotation <nowiki> {Link without Title} </nowiki><sub>D</sub> <!-- (Only include this for chiral compounds, indicate direction/enantiomer combo if known) -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Refractive_index" class="copylinks">Refractive Index
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape" class="copylinks">Molecular Shape <!-- for simple covalent molecules (omit for most large molecules, ionics and complexes) -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Crystal_structure" class="copylinks">Crystal Structure <!-- omit if not a solid -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/monoclinic" class="copylinks">Monoclinic hemihedral<!-- eg Triclinic , Monoclinic , Orthorhombic , Hexagonal , Trigonal , Tetragonal , Cubic , and mention "close packed" or similar You may also cite what class it belongs to, eg CdCl<sub>2</sub> -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Dipole#Molecular_dipoles" class="copylinks">Dipole Moment
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Debye" class="copylinks">D
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Material_safety_data_sheet" class="copylinks">MSDS
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Sucrose_(data_page)#Material_Safety_Data_Sheet" class="copylinks">External MSDS <!-- please replace with proper link-->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Worker_safety_and_health" class="copylinks">Hazard s
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/NFPA_704" class="copylinks">NFPA 704
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Flash_point" class="copylinks">Flash Point
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Risk_and_Safety_Statements" class="copylinks">R/S Statement
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/RTECS" class="copylinks">RTECS number
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Sucrose_(data_page)" class="copylinks">Supplementary Data Page
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Sucrose_(data_page)#Structure_and_properties" class="copylinks">Structure And<br />properties
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Refractive_index" class="copylinks">''n'' , &epsilon<sub>r</sub> , etc
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Sucrose_(data_page)#Thermodynamic_properties" class="copylinks">Thermodynamic<br />data
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Sucrose_(data_page)#Spectral_data" class="copylinks">Spectral Data
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/UV/VIS_spectroscopy" class="copylinks">UV , IR , NMR , MS
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Ion" class="copylinks">Anion s <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Ion" class="copylinks">Cation s <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/iron(III)_chloride" class="copylinks">Iron(III) Chloride , also for related metals such as Manganese(II) Chloride , Cobalt(II) Chloride , ruthenium(III) chloride-->
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(common name: '''table sugar''', also called '''saccharose''') is a
Disaccharide with the molecular formula C
12H
22O
11. Its systematic name is β-D-fructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside. It is best known for its role in
Human Nutrition .
Pure sucrose is most often prepared as a fine, colorless, odorless crystalline powder with a pleasing, sweet taste. Large crystals are sometimes precipitated from water solutions of sucrose to form
Rock Candy , a confection.
Like other , α-
Glucose and
Fructose , joined by a
Glycosidic Bond between carbon atom 1 of the glucose unit and carbon atom 2 of the fructose unit.
Sucrose melts and decomposes at 186 °C to form
Caramel , and when burnt produces
Carbon Dioxide and
Water .
Sucrose is the most common food
Sweetener in the industrialized world, although it has been replaced in industrial food production by other sweeteners such as fructose syrups or combinations of functional ingredients and high intensity sweeteners.
Sucrose is the most important sugar in
Plants , and can be found in the
Phloem sap. It is generally extracted from
Sugar Cane or
Sugar Beet and then purified and crystallized. Other (minor) commercial sources are sweet
Sorghum and
Sugar Maple s.
Sucrose is ubiquitous in food preparations due to both its sweetness and its functional properties; it is important to the structure of many foods including biscuits and cookies, ice cream and sorbets, and also assists in the preservation of foods. As such it is common in many processed and so-called “
Junk Food s.”
Human Beings , and in fact most other
Mammals —except members of the cat family—will typically accept food sweetened with sucrose even if they are not hungry (see
Dessert ).
In mammals, sucrose is very readily
Digested in the
Stomach into its component sugars, by acidic
Hydrolysis . The glucose and fructose are then rapidly absorbed into the
Bloodstream in the
Small Intestine . Undigested sucrose passing into the intestine is also broken down by
Sucrase or isomaltase
Enzymes , which are located in the
Membrane of the
Microvilli lining the
Duodenum . These products are also transferred rapidly into the bloodstream.
Sucrose is digested by the enzyme
Invertase in
Bacteria and some
Animals .
Acidic hydrolysis can also be used in laboratories.
Sucrose is an easily assimilated
Macronutrient that provides a quick source of energy to the body, provoking a rapid rise in
Blood Glucose upon ingestion. However, pure sucrose is not normally part of a human diet balanced for good nutrition, although it may be included sparingly to make certain foods more palatable.
Overconsumption of sucrose has been linked with some adverse
Health Effects . The most common is
Dental Caries or
Tooth Decay , in which oral bacteria convert sugars (including sucrose) from food into acids that attack tooth enamel. Sucrose, as a pure
Carbohydrate , has a high
Food Energy content (4
Kilocalorie s per gram or 17
Kilojoule s per gram), and thus can make a diet hypercaloric even in small amounts, contributing to
Obesity . The rapidity with which sucrose raises blood glucose can cause problems for people suffering from defects in glucose metabolism, such as persons with
Hypoglycemia or
Diabetes Mellitus .
- Yudkin, J., Edelman, J., Hough, L. ''Sugar - Chemical, Biological and Nutritional Aspects of Sucrose.'' The Butterworth Group, 1973. ISBN 0-408-70172-2.
