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In Music , a swung note or '''shuffle note''' is the Rhythm ic device in which the duration of the initial Note in a pair is Augmented and that of the second is Diminished . A '''swing''' or '''shuffle rhythm''' is the Rhythm produced by playing repeated pairs of notes in this way. '''''Lilting''''' can refer to swinging, but might also indicate syncopation or other subtle ways of interpreting and shaping musical time. In Jazz , especially of the Big Band era, there is a convention that pairs of written Beats are not played equally, as the notation is otherwise understood, but with the first longer than the second and the shorter second note having an accent. The first note of each of these pairs is often understood to be twice as long as the second, implying a Triplet feel, but in practice the difference is rarely that pronounced (see "amount of swing," below). This is an assumed convention of notation in many styles of jazz, but does not apply to all early jazz (before 1930), Latin Jazz , bebop, or to the work of composers writing in the 1950s or later, unless "swing" is specified in the score. Notes which are not swung, that is played without a shuffle, are known as straight notes. In Dance , swing or '''shuffle time''' or '''rhythm''' is music whose Metre is that of Common Time played with a swing. It may be written as Simple Time and played ''with a swing'', or as Compound Time and played as written. See '' Transcribing Swing Rhythms '' below. See also '' Swing (genre) '' for musical style, and '' Swing (dance) '' for styles of dance. AMOUNT OF SWING Composers sometimes indicate swing rhythms by marking their scores with an indication that pairs of eighth notes should be treated as a quarter and an eighth in a triplet bracket. In actuality, swing rhythms range anywhere from slightly asymmetrical pairs to imbalances of a more pronounced sort. The subtler end of the range involves treating written pairs of Eighth Notes as slightly asymmetrical pairs of similar values. On the other end of the spectrum, the " Dotted Eighth - sixteenth" rhythm, consists of a long note three times as long as the short. Prevalent "dotted rhythms" such as these in the Rhythm Section of dance bands in the mid 20th century are more accurately described as a " Shuffle "; they are also an important feature of Baroque Dance and many other styles. Rhythms identified as swung notes most commonly fall somewhere between straight eighths and a quarter-eighth triplet pattern. The following points of reference are reliable only as approximations of musical practice:
Since a swung note is actually not a note of the named length (a swung eighth note is not an eighth note), some musicians consider this term a misnomer. SWING RHYTHM In Jazz , this interpretive device is assumed in most written music other than Latin Jazz , but may also be indicated. For example, '' Satin Doll '', a Swing Era jazz standard with a pronounced swing rhythm, was published written in 4/4 time, but at least some versions also note ''medium swing''. In Dance music, swing rhythm generally refers to the Metre of the music, rather than to this convention of notation, so any music played with the triplet timing and swing accent will be referred to as ''swing rhythm'' however it is written, see below. Styles See Also: swing (genre) Swing is commonly used in Blues , Country , Jazz , Swing (genre) , and often in many other styles. Except for very fast jazz, slow ballads and Latin Jazz , all written jazz music is assumed to be performed with a swing rhythm, although publishers sometimes specify "with a swing". In Jazz and Big Band music, a shuffle is almost always accompanied by a distinctive ''cooking'' rhythm played on the Ride Cymbal or Hi Hat . Styles that always use traditional (triplet) swing rhythms include:
Styles that sometimes use swing rhythms include:
Transcribing swing rhythms In the Swing Era , ''swing'' meant accented triplets (shuffle rhythm), suitable for dancing. With the development of Bebop and later Jazz styles independent of dancing, the term was used for far more general timings. There is much debate over use of other ratios than 2:1 in swing rhythms. Some publishers of jazz music, especially those whose intended audience is people unfamiliar with jazz styles, transcribe the swing either:
In general, where music with a swing Metre is required, musicians in the jazz tradition will prefer to read music written in Common Time and played ''with a swing'', while musicians in the classical tradition will prefer to read music written in Compound Time and played as written. SEE ALSO
FURTHER READING
EXTERNAL LINKS
Just Jazz Guitar Magazine Article (PDF) Aug 2003 Article is a look at swing timing, what we mean by swing and working on swing feel.
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