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A material has a rest shape and its shape departs away from the rest shape due to stress. The amount of departure from rest shape is called . HISTORY MAJOR TOPICS There are several standard models for how solid materials respond to stress: # Elastic – Linearly elastic materials can be described by the 3-dimensional Elasticity equations. A spring obeying Hooke's Law is a one-dimensional linear version of a general elastic body. It is important to note that, when the stress is removed, the deformation is fully recovered. # Viscoelastic – a material that is elastic, but also has Damping : on loading, as well as on unloading, some work has to be made against the damping effects. This work is converted in heat within the material. # Plastic – a material that, when the stress exceeds a threshold (yield stress), permanently changes its rest shape in response. The material commonly known as " Plastic " is named after this property. Plastic deformation is not recovered on unloading. One of the most common practical applications of Solid Mechanics is the Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equation . Solid mechanics extensively uses Tensor s to describe stresses, strains, and the relationship between them. Typically, solid mechanics uses Linear models to relate stresses and strains (see Linear Elasticity ). However, true materials exhibit Non-linear behavior. For more specific definitions of stress, strain, and the relationship between them, please see Strength Of Materials . REFERENCES
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