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Shah is an Iranian term in Persian Language for a Monarch (king or emperor), and has also been adopted in many other languages. It is either actually used as a princely style or to render original Near Eastern styles. It also appears in various derived titles. RULING SHAHS Nominal Shahs Various Iranian monarchies, and other imitating that example, used the royal title Shah. This has been the case in Afghanistan , but in great confusion- the style was used by local rulers, e.g. in Herat , or by the national King, by each time inconsistently alternating with other styles (for the central throne including Malik , rather equivalent Arabic for King, and Padshah , a Persian-language imperial title). Subsidiary use Shah-i-Bangalah was a subsidiary title, adopted by Sultan Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah (1342-1357 AD), the Sultan of Bengal who united that state (the use of shah in the name itself, as here, is not titular, and rarely significant). Even non-Muslim dynasties could adopt this royal style. Thus Shah (or Shaha) is a title borne by the Hindu Maharajadhiraja (King of Kings) of Nepal and his male-line descendants, which was originally conferred as a title by the Muslim Sultan of Delhi on Kulananda Khan, after he made himself ruler of Kaski . Also borne by several families descended from rulers of certain Nepali vassal principalities. The following derived or compound titles designate an even higher rank then just Shah: Shahanshah In western languages the term Shah is often used as an imprecise rendering of Shahanshah (meaning '' of Indo-European origin meaning ''khashaayathaiya'' ("king"), and popularly referred to as " Basileus Toon Basileoon " by the Greeks, is the term for an Iranian Monarch and was used by most of the former rulers of the Iranian empires many nationalities of Iranian origin or under cultural influence. The term of Shah or Shahanshah has roughly corresponded to Persia since the Achaemenid Persian Empire (which had succeeded and absorbed the Mede state) or properly Iranian Empire , after its conquest by Alexander the Great transposed in Greek as Basileus Toon Basiloon , also often shortened to ''Basileus''. The title is roughly equivalent in rank to a Western '' Emperor '' and is hence often translated as such in English and its equivalent in other languages. The Monarch of Persia (internally always called Iran) was technically the Emperor of the Persian Empire (later the ''Empire of Iran'', as Iran was officially known until 1935 ). However until the Napoleonic era, when Persia was an enviable ally for Western powers eager to make the Ottoman Great Sultan release his hold on various -mainly Christian, European- parts of the Turkish empire, and Western (Christian) Emperor s had obtained the Ottoman aknowlegdement that their Western imperial styles were to be rendered in Turkish as ''Padishah'', the Western practice was to consider 'King of Kings' a particular but royal title, The last Shah Of Iran , Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi officially adopted the title شاهنشاه ''Shâhanshâh'' (literally "King of Kings") and in Western languages the rendering as "Emperor", during his coronation. He also styled his wife شاهبانو '' Shahbânu '' ("Empress").
Shah bahadur In the Mughal tradition, the addition of ''bahadur'' raises any title one rank, so this means something untranslatable such as 'King first class'. Yet this title was adopted as part of the full style of the former Nawab (vassal 'govenor') of Awadh (the richest remaining province in the Mughal empire, and geographically close to its Delhi capital; often Oudh in English) and Mughal 'regent plenipotentiary (de facto Viceroy) when he followed the British advice to declare himself independent from the completely weakened Mughal court- only to become the political toy of the eager coloniser. However the crucial element is his majestic full style -''Hazrat Khalid'', (personal reign name and titles) ''Shah Bahadur, Padshah-i-Oudh''- is the imperial title Padishah, which could not conceivably be allowed to be assumed by a vassal. RELATED AND SUBSIDIARY PRINCELY TITLES Ruler styles
Shahzada In the realm of a Shah (or a more lofty derived ruler style), a prince of blood were logically called Shahzada as the term is derived from Shah using the Persian patronymic suffix ''-zada'', "son, descendant"; see " Prince " article for other uses of the suffix. However the precise full styles can differ 'creatively' in the court traditions of each Shah's 'kingdom'.
Furthermore the title was also used for princes of the blood of a ruler who used an alternative royal style, e.g. the Malik (Arabic for King, so equivalent) of Afghanistan In the Ottoman dynasty of imperial Turkey, it was part of two styles:
This could even apply to non-Muslim dynasties, e.g. the younger sons of the ruling ''Sikh'' Maharaja of Punjab (in Lahore; a Maharajadhiraja): ''Shahzada'' (personal name) ''Singh Bahadur'', while the heir Apparent was styled Tika Sahib Bahadur
:For the Heir to a 'Persian-style' Shah's royal throne, more specific titles were used, containing the key element Vali Ahad , usually in addition to Shahzada where his junior siblings enjoyed this style. Other princely compound
Shah as Surname Shah is also a surname (family name). In India it is used by Hindu , Jain and Muslim communities. In Jain and Hindu community the Shah surname normally represents the Bania caste. Read also :: Shah_(surname) :: OTHER USES As many titles, the word Shah is also often used in names, without a political or aristocratic meaning.
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