Information AboutSessho |
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In Japan , the Sesshō (摂政) was a title given to a Regent who was named to assist an emperor when the Emperor was still a child, before the Coming Of Age , or female. The '''Kampaku''' (関白 ''Kanpaku'') was theoretically a sort of chief advisor for the emperor, but was the title of a Regent who assists an adult emperor. During the Heian Era , they were the effective rulers of Japan. There was little, if any, effective difference between the two titles, and several individuals merely changed titles as child emperors grew to adulthood, or adult emperors retired or died and were replaced by child emperors. The two were collectively known as '''Sekkan''' (摂関). OVERVIEW The Sesshō and Kampaku had held the practical powers of the ruling emperor, conducting Cloistered Rule until Shogunate s took over the power from them. Most empresses had Sesshō with some exceptions in the ancient period. In earlier times only members of the imperial family could be appointed to Sessho. Kojiki reported that Emperor Ōjin was assisted by his mother the empress consort Jingū , but it is doubtful if it is a historical fact. The first historical Sessho was Prince Shōtoku who assisted Empress Suiko . The Fujiwara Clan was the primary holders of the Kampaku and Sesshō titles. More precisely those title was held by the Fujiwara Hokke (Fujiwara north family) and its descendants, to which Fujiwara No Yoshifusa belonged. In 844 Fujiwara no Yoshifusa became Sesshō. He was the first Sesshō who didn't belong to the imperial house. In 876 Fujiwara No Mototsune , the nephew and adopted son of Yoshifusa, was appointed to the newly created office Kampaku. After Fujiwara No Michinaga and Fujiwara No Yorimichi , their descendants held those two office exclusively In 12th century there were five families among the descendants of Yorimichi called ''Sekke''. Until 1868 those five families held those title exclusively with two exceptions of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his nephew Toyotomi Hidetsugu . Sekke consisted in five families: Konoe Family , Kujō Family , Ichijō Family , Takatsukasa Family and Nijō Family . Both Konoe clan and Kujō clan were derived from Fujiwara No Tadamichi , a descendant of Yorimichi. Other three families were derived from one of those two families. A retired kampaku is called ''Taikō'' (太閤), which commonly came to refer to Toyotomi Hideyoshi . The office and title of kampaku fell out of use by convention with the appointment of the first Prime Minister Of Japan during the Meiji Restoration . Emperor Meiji abolished the office in 1872. LIST Sesshō and Kampaku of the Heian Era Famous Sesshō and Kampaku of the Kamakura Period
Famous Sesshō and Kampaku of the Muromachi Period
Famous Sesshō and Kampaku of the Azuchi-Momoyama Period
Famous Sesshō and Kampaku of the Edo Period
Sesshō of the modern era Under the Imperial Household Law, the office of sesshō is restricted to the Imperial Family .
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