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in Mumbai has samples of many of these scripts.]]

29.11–16 in Ge'ez]]


# For details and different transliteration systems see Transliteration Of Greek Into English .

Some of the letters had different pronunciations in pre-classical times or in non-Attic dialects. For details, see History Of The Greek Alphabet .


Obsolete letters


The following letters are not part of the standard Greek alphabet, but were in use in pre-classical times or in certain dialects. The letters digamma, qoppa, and sampi were also used in Greek Numerals .

Letters lacking an initial or medial version are never tied to the following letter, even within a word. As to ''hamza'', it has only a single graphic, since it is never tied to a preceding or following letter. However, it is sometimes 'seated' on a waw, ya or alif, and in that case the seat behaves like an ordinary waw, ya or alif.


Ligatures

The only compulsory ligature is lām+'alif. All other ligatures (yaa - mīm, etc.) are optional.
  • ('''' ):

  • : (medial )


Unicode has a special glyph for the word , the post-vocalic form of '' Allah '' "God."
  • U+FDF2 ARABIC LIGATURE ALLAH ISOLATED FORM:

  • :

  • Combined with an initial Alif , this becomes full '''':

  • :


The latter is a work-around for the shortcomings of most text processors, which are incapable of displaying the correct Vowel Marks for the word "Allah". Compare the display of the composed equivalents below (the exact outcome will depend on your browser and font configuration):
  • lam-lam-hā':

  • :

  • alif-lam-lam-hā':

  • :



Modified letters


The following are not actual letters, but rather different orthographical shapes for letters.


ABECEDARIES/ ABCDARIES

Ugaritic is found in two alphabetic orders, the Northern Semitic order found in the Hebrew, Greek, and Roman scripts, and the Southern Semitic order found in the Ge'ez script. The letters are given in transcription and in their Hebrew cognates; letters missing from Hebrew are left blank.

North Semitic (the abjad)

South Semitic