Information About

Sakatayana




scholars such as Yaska (around 5th c. BCE) and Panini
(d. circa 460 BCE), as well as other Sanskrit Grammarian s, but is
lost to us today.

One of his views which generated considerable controversy in
the Indian tradition, and receives some support in modern etymology, is
that most nominal roots are ultimately derived from actions.
This refers to the origin of names of things, or Nouns .
For example, the noun ''origin'' derives Etymologically
from the Latin ''originalis'', ultimately derived from the verb ''oriri'', "to rise". An example of a Morphological derivative
might be the noun ''hitter'' - derived from the verb ''hit''.

The controversial
claim is that all nouns are ultimately derived from some Verbal Root .
This process is reflected in the Sanskrit Grammar as the
system of krit- Pratyaya s or verbal affixes.
It is possible that the debate is based on two
interpretations of ''root'' -- as referring to the
etymological
root (as in ''origin''), as opposed to the
Morphemic stem (morphological root, as in ''hitter'').
However,
for many nouns (e.g. the English stem ''root''), it is hard to defend
even the etymological claim.

A modern interpretation of this claim is that cognitively, most
nominal categories are based on behaviours
rather than other attributes (e.g. an aeroplane may be made to
have the shape of a bird), a point that is reinforced in most
Cognitive Semantics approaches to the Lexicon .

In his ''The word and the world'', the philosopher
Bimal Krishna Matilal refers to this debate (which lasted several
centuries) as an

interesting philosophical discussion between the
''nairuktas'' or etymologists and the ''pāṇinīyas'' or grammarians.
According to
the
etymologists, all nouns (substantives) are derived from some verbal
root or the other. Yaska in his ''Nirukta'' refers to this view (in
fact defends it) and ascribes it to an earlier scholar SākaTāyana.
This would require that all words are to be analysable into atomic
elements, 'roots' or 'bases' and 'affixes' or 'inflections' --
better known in Sanskrit as ''dhātu'' and ''pratyaya''.... Yaska reported
the view of Gārgya who opposed ShakaTAyana (both preceded Panini who
mentions them by name) and held that not all substantival words or
nouns (''nAma'') were to be derived from roots, for certain nominal
stems were 'atomic'. (p. 8-9)


His text may have been called the ''Lakshaṇa Sāstra'', in which
he also describes the process of determining gender in animate
and inanimate creation (Sanskrit is a strongly
gender-inflected language).

Unfortunately, not much is known about Sakatayana's life, but
it is likely that he lived in Gandhara , what is today the
Pakistan - Afghanistan region.


SEE ALSO



REFERENCES



  Surname1 Matilal
  Given1 Bimal Krishna
  Year 1990/2001
  Title The word and the world: India's contribution to the study of language
  Publisher Oxford University Press
  ID ISBN 019-565-5125