Information AboutRepetition |
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MUSIC Repetition is important in music, where sounds or sequences are often repeated. One often stated idea is that repetition should be in balance with the initial statements and Variation s in a piece. It may be called Restatement , such as the restatement of a Theme . While it plays a role in all music, in fact most musical sounds are Periodic , it is especially prominent in Minimal Music and, its influence, popular music. Theodor Adorno criticized repetition and Popular Music as being psychotic and infantile. Richard Middleton (1990) argues that "while repetition is a feature of ''all'' music, of any sort, a high level of repetition may be a specific mark of 'the popular'" and that this allows an, "enabling" of "an inclusive rather than exclusive audience" (p.139). "There is no universal norm or convention" for the amount or type of repetition, "all music contains repetition - but in differing amounts and of an enormous variety of types." This is influenced by "the political economy of production; the 'psychic economy' of individuals; the musico-technological media of production and reproduction (oral, written, electric); and the weight of the syntactic conventions of music-historical traditions" (ibid, p.268). Thus Middleton (also 1999) distinguishes between and the Phrase . Musematic repetition includes circularity, synchronic relations, and open-ness. Discursive repetition includes linearity, rational control, and self-sufficiency. Discursive repetition is most often nested ( Hierarchically ) in larger repetitions and may be thought of as Sectional , while musematic repetition may be thought of as Additive . (p.146-8) Put more simply, musematic repetition is simple repetition of precisely the same musical figure, such as a repeated chorus. Discursive repetition is "both repetitive and non-repetitive" (Lott, p.174), such as the repetition of the same rhythmic figure with different notes. A literal repetition of a musical passage is often indicated by the use of a Repeat Sign , or the instructions Da Capo or Dal Segno . See also Groove (popular Music) , Paradigmatic Analysis and Cycle (music) . Sources
LITERATURE Repetition can also be important in Literature , especially poetry, where words or certain phrases are repeated for a stronger emphasis by the author. Example: ''In the Vietnam war there were thousands of casualties. Thousands!'' Example: ''Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps in this petty pace...'' -- Shakespeare's Macbeth. '' Repetition '' is also a philosophical work by Søren Kierkegaard . WEIGHT TRAINING In Weight Training , a repetition (or "rep") is the act of lifting and lowering a weight once, in a controlled manner. A "set" consists of several repetitions performed one after another with no break between them. Novice weight trainers are advised to perform 8 to 12 repetitions per set and 1 to 3 sets per exercise, with short breaks between each set. FREQUENCY The number of repetitions in a period of time is Frequency . ACTING ''Repetition'' is part of a Method called the Meisner Technique created by Sanford Meisner to develop acting skills, specifically the ability to react spontaneously upon impulse, especially those arising from the subtle subtext of the other actor during dialog. SEE ALSO
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