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GERMAN EMPIRE Domestic In the Deutsches Reich (after 1871 ) he was appointed to a special task, e.g. for Emigration (''Reichskommissar für das Auswanderungswesen'' in Hamburg ). Presumably the same title is rendered as German Imperial Commissioner in the case of Helgoland (Heligoland in English), a strategic, once Danish island in the North Sea since the 9 August 1890 formal handover to Germany by the U.K. (under the Helgoland-Sansibar-Vertrag ) and on 15 December 1890 formally annexed to Germany (from 18 February 1891 part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein ): 9 August 1890 - 1891 Adolf Wermuth (b. 1855 - d. 1927) Colonial The title occurred in most of the '' Schützgebiet e'' (a German term literally meaning protectorate, but also applied to ordinary colonies): In West Africa
In East Africa
In Oceania
THIRD REICH The title of ''Reichskommissar'' was given by Führer Hitler to some Nazi- Governor s, mainly in the following German- Occupied countries during World War II , but also before to reintegrate former Prussian territory regained on France. Domestic & annexed (ethnic Germans) Saargebiet A rather than follow Alsace and join France . The Nazi Josef Bürckel (b. 1895 - d. 1944) was appointed on 1 March 1935 as ''Reichskommissar für die Rückgliederung des Saarlandes'', then changed his style from 17 June 1936 to ''Reichskommissar für das Saarland'', and from 8 April 1940 to ''Reichskommissar für die Saarpfalz''; finally from 11 March 1941, he was made '' Reichsstatthalter in der "Westmark"'' (the region's new name, meaning "Western March or Border"), till 28 September 1944 when he was succeeded by Willi Stöhr (b. 1903, also NSDAP, until 21 March 1945). Sudetenland After the (b. 1898 - d. 1945) SdP/NSDAP When on 1 May 1939 a regular 'domestic' ''Reichsgau'' Sudetenland was created, the same stayed on as first and only Reichsstatthalter till the region was re-incorporated into Czechoslovakia on 4 May 1945 Wien (Vienna) 1 May 1939 - 1 April 1940 Josef Bürckel (b. 1895 - d. 1944) NSDAP, in fact the maintained last Austrian Premier of the 15 October 1938 constituted metrooolitan capital city-entity Gross-Wien (Great Vienna), is in transitional office, then the same is made the first of two '' Reichsstatthalter '' (he till 10 August 1940), equivalent to a Gauleiter in Germany proper On the Western front Belgium (and northern France) Only after a long period of ''Militärverwaltung'', i.e. under Military governors
In december 1944, when the allies were already occupying Belgium, its territory was split up into three ''Gau''-type entities as integral ('Germanic') parts of the Reich: the bi-cultural Belgian capital Brussels (''Brüssel'' in German, ''Brussel'' in Dutch and ''Bruxelles'' in French) remained directly under the German ''Reichskommissar'', but the bulk of the country was divided ethno-linguistically under collaborating Belgian party-leaders (though with very little local support) with Führer -imitating (see that article for parallels) titles in their national languages:
Netherlands After Military Governors (10 May 1940 - 20 May 1940 Fedor von Bock (b. 1880 - d. 1945) & 20 May 1940 - 29 May 1940 General Alexander Von Falkenhausen (b. 1878 - d. 1966), military governor of Netherlands and Belgium), there was one Reichskommissar for the occupied kingdom (the Dutch crown was in London exile): 29 May 1940 - 5 May 1945 Arthur Seyss-Inquart (b. 1892 - d. 1946), NSDAP Norway After a Military commander (9 April - 25 July 1940 Nikolaus Von Falkenhorst , b. 1885 - d. 1968) the country had two consecutive ''Reichskommissare'':
Soviet territories Before the beginning of Operation Barbarossa (the eastern front campaign) on 22 June 1941 , the Nazi - Ideologist Alfred Rosenberg suggested the administrative division of conquered Soviet territory in the following ''Reichskommissariaten'', only the first two would become reality through military success:
This suggestions intended to destroy Russia as a political entity, as they organised the areas adjacent to Greater Germany 's eastern provinces in accordance with the Geopolitical '' Lebensraum '' idea ('' Drang Nach Osten ''), to benefit future " Aryan " generations . These territories extended from the German frontier to the imaginary Arkhangelsk - Astrakhan line. When German forces entered Soviet territory, they immediately implemented this administrative plan instating the ''Reichskommissariat'' of ''Ostland'' in the Baltic Lands and ''Ukraine'' in Ukraine, headed by Heinrich Lohse and Erich Koch respectively. These administrators put in practice the intended measures during the whole of their administrative period, until 1943-44, when the Germans after the Battle Of Kursk were gradually driven out by force. Ostland On 17 July 1941 the Reichskommissariat für das ''Ostland'' ('Eastland') is established, soon uniting German occupied Lithuania , Latvia (from 1 September 1941), Estonia (from 5 December 1941) (the three Baltic republics) and Belarus . Ostland is organized as four General Districts (''Generalbezirke'' or informally ''Lands''); only the (Latvian) capital city of Riga (''Gebiet Riga Stadt'') is directly administered by the ''Reichskommissar''. The incumbents were :
Meanwhile military authority rested with the Head Chief of Division I Central Office: 1 September 1942 - 1944? Wilhelm Burmeister NSDAP Ukraine The territory in Ukraine occupied by Germany since 25 June 1941 (German Commander, 25 June 1941 - 31 August 1941: Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (b. 1875 - d. 1953) was established from 20 August 1941 as ''Reichskommissariat'' of Ukraine, under the following Reichskommissare:
As the fight fo Ukrainian territory against the Soviet troops evolved, the ''Reichskommissariat'' comprised the following 'general districts', each under a '' Generalkommissar '' 'Commissioner-general':
SEE ALSO SOURCES AND REFERENCES
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