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Reference Ranges For Common Blood Tests
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It must be remembered that the reference range will vary, depending on the age, sex and race of a population, and even the machines the Laboratory uses to do the tests. Also remember that ''by definition'' 5% of the ''normal'' population will fall outside the reference range.

''These are approximate adult values that are intended as a guide to students and those interested, .''


CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY


Electrolyte s and Metabolite s








TestRangeComments
Sodium (Na)130 - 145 mmol/L (UK 135-146 mmol/L)
Potassium (K)3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L (UK - same)
Urea 2.6 - 6.8 mmol/L or 10 - 20 mg/dL (UK 2.5 - 6.7 mmol/L)(BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen )
Creatinine 50 - 110 μmol/L or <1.5 mg/dL (UK 79 - 118μmol/L)
Glucose (fasting)4.2 - 6.1 mmol/L or 75-115 mg/dL (UK Fasting 4.5 - 5.6 mmol/L)''See also'' Glycosylated Hemoglobin



Liver Function Tests









Total Protein60 - 80 g/L
Albumin 30 - 50 g/L
Total Bilirubin 2 - 14 μmol/L
Direct Bilirubin0 - 4 μmol/L
Alanine Transaminase (ALT)8 - 40 U/LAlso called ''serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase'' (SGPT)
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)40 - 130 U/LHigher in children and pregnant women.
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase < 50 U/L



Other Enzyme s and Protein s








Creatine Kinase (CK)22 - 198 U/L
Aspartate Transaminase (AST)8 - 35 U/L
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)85 - 285 U/L
Amylase 25 - 125 U/L
C-reactive Protein (CRP)<8 mg/L
D-dimer <500 ng/mL



Other Ion s and Trace Metal s






Ionised Calcium (Ca)1.15 - 1.29 mmol/LSome calcium is bound to albumin, thus not measured by certain techniques.
Total calcium (Ca)2.05 - 2.55 mmol/L
Copper (Cu)11 - 26 μmol/L
Zinc (Zn)10 - 17 μmol/L



Lipid s







Triglyceride s0.4 - 2.0 mmol/L
Total Cholesterol 3.0 - 5.5 mmol/L
HDL Cholesterol (male)0.7 - 1.9 mmol/L
(female)0.9 - 2.4 mmol/L
LDL Cholesterol 2.4 - 4.0 mmol/LNot valid when triglycerides >5.0 mmol/L.



Tumour Marker s





Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)1-15 kIU/L
CA-125 <65 kU/L
Prostate Specific Antigen (total PSA)<2.0 μg/LAfter age 40, normal levels increase every decade.



Hormone s













Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)0.5 - 4.7 mIU/LAlso called: Thyrotropin
Free Thyroxine (FT4)9.0 - 24 pmol/L
Free Triiodothyronine (FT3)2.5 - 5.3 pmol/L
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)1.3 - 15 pmol/L
Cortisol (0830 h)250 - 850 nmol/LCortisol levels are higher in the morning than at night.
Cortisol (1630 h)110 - 390 nmol/L
Prolactin (male)<450 mIU/L
(female)<580 mIU/L
Testosterone (male)8 - 38 nmol/L
(male prepuberty)0.1 - 0.5 nmol/L
(female)0.3 - 2.5 nmol/L



HEMATOLOGY


Red Blood Cell s












Haemoglobin (Hb) (male)130 - 180 g/LHigher in Neonate s, lower in children.
(female)115 - 160 g/LSex difference negligible until adulthood.
Haematocrit (Hct) (male)0.38 - 0.52
(female)0.35 - 0.47
Mean Cell Volume (MCV)80 - 98 fLCells are larger in Neonate s, though smaller in other children.
Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)26 - 34 pg
Red Cell Count (male)4.5 - 6.5 x1012/L
(female)3.8 - 5.8 x1012/L
Reticulocyte s10 - 100 x109/L
Erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate (ESR)		<20 mm/hrFemales tend to have a higher ESR. ESR increases with age.



White Blood Cell s








The Total white blood cells4.0 - 11.0 x109/LHigher in Neonate s and infants.
Neutrophil Granulocyte s2.0 - 7.5 x109/L45-74%Also known as granulocytes (grans), polys, PMNs, or segs.
Lymphocyte s1.0 - 4.0 x109/L16-45%
Monocyte s0.0 - 0.8 x109/L4.0-10%
Eosinophil Granulocyte s0.0 - 0.5 x109/L0.0-7.0%
Basophil Granulocyte s0.0 - 0.2 x109/L0.0-2.0%



Coagulation









Platelets 150 - 400 x109/LPlatelets are part of the formation of blood clots
Prothrombin Time (PT)7 - 10 sPT reference varies between laboratory kits - INR is standardised
INR 0.9 - 1.2The INR is a corrected ratio of a patients PT to normal
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)29 - 41 s
Thrombin clotting time (TCT)11 - 18 s
Fibrinogen 1.8 - 4.0 g/L
Bleeding Time 2 - 8 minutes



IMMUNOLOGY


Acute Phase Protein markers of Inflammation




Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)0 - (Age, +10 if female)/2 mm/hr
C-reactive Protein (CRP)0-6 mg/L



Autoantibodies





Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)0 - 20 IU/mLHigh levels not specific for Rheumatoid Arthritis alone.



SEROLOGY



Antistreptolysin O Titre (ASOT)<100 unit/mL for preschoolers and <200 units/mL for others