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ORIGIN The term referee originated in Association Football (soccer) . Originally the team Captains would consult with each other in order to resolve any dispute on the pitch. Eventually this role was delegated to an ''umpire''. Each team would bring their own partisan umpire allowing the team captains to concentrate on the game. Later, the referee, a third "neutral" official was added, this ''referee'' would be "referred to" if the umpires could not resolve a dispute. The referee did not take his place on the pitch until 1891, when the umpires became linesmen (now Assistant Referee s). Today, in many amateur football matches, each side will still supply their own partisan assistant referees (still commonly called club linesmen) to assist the neutral referee appointed by the governing football association. EXAMPLES American football See Also: Official (American football) An American Football referee is responsible for the general supervision of the game and has the final authority on all rulings. He is assisted by six other officials on the field. These officials are commonly referred to as "Referees" but each has a title based on their position. The officials consist of: Referee, Head Linesman, Line Judge, Umpire, Back Judge, Side Judge, and Field Judge. Association football See Also: Referee (football) An Association Football (soccer) match is presided over by a referee, whom the Laws of the Game give "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5). The referee is assisted by two Assistant Referees , and sometimes also by a Fourth Official . Basketball A Basketball referee is the highest official in a game. He is assisted by either one or two umpires, although umpires are generally accepted to have the same authority as the referee and therefore they are collectively known as the ''officials'' or sometimes, misleadingly, the referees. Boxing See Also: Referee (boxing) Cricket See Also: Match referee In Cricket , the match referee is an off-field official who makes judgements concerning the reputable conduct of the game and hands out penalties for breaches of the ICC Cricket Code Of Conduct . On-field decisions relevant to the play and outcome of the game itself are handled solely by on-field Umpires . Ice hockey See Also: Official (ice hockey) Games of Ice Hockey are presided over by on-ice referees, who are generally assisted by on-ice linesmen. The combination of officials used may vary from league-to-league. Rugby union and Rugby league Both codes of Rugby Football are controlled by an onfield referee assisted by two Touch Judges , and often, a Video Referee Tennis A Tennis Referee is an off-court official. Wrestling (Amateur) The international styles of Sport Wrestling use a three-official system in which a referee conducts the action in the center of the mat while a judge and a mat chairman remain seated and evaluate the action from their stationary vantage points. ATTIRE Referees typically wear clothing to distinguish themselves from the players. Such uniforms may be distinctive, and some traditional uniforms have come to be symbolically associated with the position (even if newer, alternative uniforms are increasingly used). Notable examples include the traditional black uniform worn by association football referees, or the vertical black and white stripes worn by referees in many North American sports. OTHER USES
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