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The first statute to address sectarian dissent was issued in 1593 under Elizabeth I and specifically targeted Roman Catholics, under the title "An Act for restraining Popish Recusants." It defined "Popish Recusants" as those "convicted for not repairing to some Church, Chapel, or usual place of Common Prayer to hear Divine Service there, but forbearing the same contrary to the tenor of the laws and statutes heretofore made and provided in that behalf." Other acts also targeted Roman Catholic recusants, including statutes passed under James I and Charles I , as well as laws defining other offenses deemed acts of recusancy. Recusants were subject to various civil disabilities and penalties under English Penal Laws , most of which were repealed during the Regency and reign of George IV in the early 19th Century . The Nuttall Encyclopaedia notes that Dissenter s were forgiven by the Toleration Act of William III, while Roman Catholics "were not entirely emancipated till 1829". Early recusants included Protestant dissenters whose faiths derived from Fundamentalist movements, although with their growth after the Restoration of Charles II , these groups were later distinguished as '' Nonconformist ''. Recusant today tends to apply to the very small number of English Roman Catholics who are neither converts nor descended from immigrants, though some English-speaking Sedevacantist Catholics have attempted to adopt the term to describe their own movement. The Dukes Of Norfolk are probably the most prominent recusant family, while recusancy has been historically focused in Northern England . Some of the recusant families include the Howard (Fitzalan-Howard) , Throckmorton (now extinct), Cary-Elwes or Elwes, Weld, Weld-Blundell, Ward, Holman, Pope, Fitzherbert, de Trafford, Stourton, Vavasour, Clifford (of Chudleigh), Petre (some branches), and Stonor families, as well as branches of non-wealthy families with such popular surnames as Payne, Wilson, Simpson, Vaughan and Turner, among others. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, branches of the Fraser (Scotland), Noel (Gainsborough), Radcliffe, and Crichton-Stuart (Scotland) families converted back to the Old Faith, and these wealthy families provided the Church with much-needed financial support. SOURCE SEE ALSO |
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