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''Not to be confused with Railcar ''. A railroad car (or, more briefly, '''car'''), also known as an item of '''rolling stock''' by English-speakers outside North America , is a Vehicle on a Railroad (or Railway ) that is not a Locomotive - one that provides another purpose than purely haulage, although some types of car are powered. Cars can be coupled together into a Train , either hauled by a locomotive(s) or self-propelled. Most cars carry a ''revenue'' load, although ''non-revenue cars'' exist for the railroad's own use, such as for maintenance-of-way purposes. Such uses can generally be divided into the carriage of passengers and of freight. "Revenue" cars are basically of two types: Passenger Car s, or Coach es, and freight cars or '''wagons'''. PASSENGER CARS Main article: Passenger Car Passenger Car s, or Coach es, vary in their internal fittings: In Standard Gauge cars, seating is usually three, four, or five seats across the width of the car, with an aisle in between (resulting in 2+1, 2+2 or 3+2 seats) or at the side. Tables may be present between seats facing one another. Alternatively, seats facing the same direction may have access to a fold-down ledge on the back of the seat in front.
Cars usually have either Air-conditioning or windows that can be opened (sometimes, for safety, not so far that one can hang out). Toilet facilities are also usual, though the setup varies (see Passenger Train Human Waste Disposal ). Other types of passenger car exist, especially for long journeys, such as the s were built for the rear of many famous trains to allow the passengers to view the scenery. These proved popular, leading to the development of Dome Car s multiple units of which could be placed mid-train, and featured a glass-enclosed upper level extending above the normal roof to provide passengers with a better view. Sleeping Car s outfitted with (generally) small bedrooms allow passengers to sleep through their night-time trips, while Couchette Car s provide more basic sleeping accommodation. Long-distance trains often require Baggage Car s for the passengers' luggage. Historically in European practice it was common for day coaches to be formed of compartments seating 6 or 8 passengers, with access from a side corridor -- corridor coaches fell into disfavor in the 1960s and 1970s partially because open coaches are considered more secure by women traveling alone. Another distinction is between single- and double deck Train cars. An example of a double-decker is the Amtrak Superliner . A 'trainset' (or 'set') is a semi-permanently arranged formation of cars, rather than one created 'ad hoc' out of whatever cars are available. These are only broken up and reshuffled 'on shed' (in the maintenance depot). Trains are then built of one or more of these 'sets' coupled together as needed for the capacity of that train. Often, but not always, passenger cars in a train are linked together with enclosed, flexible gangway connections that can be walked through by passengers and crew members. Some designs incorporate semi-permanent connections between cars and may have a full-width connection, making in essence one longer, flexible 'car'. In North America, passenger equipment also employ Tightlock Coupling s to keep a train reasonably intact in the event of a derailment or other accident. Many Multiple Unit trains consist of cars which are semi-permanently coupled into sets; these sets may be joined together to form larger trains, but generally passengers can only move around between cars within a set. This 'closed' nature allows the separate sets to be easily split to go separate ways. Some multiple-unit trainsets are designed so that corridor connections can be easily opened between coupled sets; this generally requires driving cabs either set off to the side or (as in the Dutch '' Koploper '') above the passenger compartment. FREIGHT CARS Freight cars or (UK: "wagons") exist in a wide variety of types, adapted to the ideal carriage of a whole host of different things. Originally there were very few types of car; the Boxcar (UK: "van"), a closed box with side doors, was among the first. Common types of freight cars include:
The vast majority of freight cars fit into the above categories. NON-REVENUE CARS
MILITARY CARS Military Armoured Train s use several types of specialized cars:
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