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The society was founded in 1892 by Stephenson Percy Smith . Its initial membership was 112, which grew to 1,300 in 1965. Presidents of the Society have included Bishops W. L. and H. W. Williams, Edward Tregear, S. Percy Smith, Elsdon Best , W. H. Skinner, Sir Apirana T. Ngata, H. D. Skinner, and J. M. McEwen. The present President is Dame Joan Metge, and the patron is Dame Te Atairangikaahu, the Māori Queen.

From its earliest days, the society published the quarterly Journal of the Polynesian Society, which became the society's principal means to publish information about the indigenous peoples of Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia. The Journal is a rich repository of the traditions of Oceania. Its first editors were S. Percy Smith and Edward Tregear. The list of subsequent editors includes W. H. Skinner, Elsdon Best, Johannes C. Andersen, H. D. Skinner, C. R. H. Taylor, G. S. Roydhouse, W. R. Geddes, W. C. Groves, Bruce Biggs, Melvyn McLean, and Margaret Mutu. The present editor is Judith Huntsman.

In addition to this journal, the society has published many notable monographs, including S. Percy Smith's ''History and Traditions of the Taranaki Coast'' (1910) and ''The Lore of the Whare Wananga'' (1913–15); A. Shand's ''The Moriori People of the Chatham Islands'' (1911); Elsdon Best, ''The Maori'' (1924) and ''Tuhoe'' (1925); J. C. Andersen, ''Maori Music'' (1934); and C. R. H. Taylor, ''A Pacific Bibliography'' (1951). Other major works include A. Ngata and Pei Te Hurinui Jones ''Nga Moteatea'' (1959-1990), a definitive four-volume collection of traditional Māori song with translations and commentaries.


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