Information AboutPolicies |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT POLICY | |
| government | |
| policy | |
| politics by issuegovernment | |
| policy | |
| politics by issue | |
| government | |
|
A policy is a plan of action to guide decisions and actions. The term may apply to government, private sector organizations and groups, and individuals. The policy process includes the identification of different alternatives, such as programs or spending priorities, and choosing among them on the basis of the impact they will have. Policies in short can be understood as political, management, financial, and administrative mechanisms arranged to reach explicit goals. COMMERCE In Insurance , policies are contracts between insurer and insured used to Indemnify (protect) against potential loss from specified perils. In illegal Gambling , policy is a form of an unsanctioned lottery, where players can purchase '' Insurance '' against a chosen number being picked by a legitimate Lottery . POLICY TYPOLOGY Policy impacts the ‘real’ world. Government, business and voluntary organisations all have policies, which impact families and individuals. Different types of policies include: Distributive policies Distributive policies extend goods and services to all citizens, and the costs of the policies are shared by all. Government expenditures for public education, highways, and public safety are examples. Regulatory policies Regulatory policies are policies that limit discretion of individuals and companies to make decisions freely and are supported by threat of sanctions or a fine. Redistributive policies Redistributive policies provide take "benefits" from one group and give them to another. Constituent policies Constituent policies create executive power entities or deal with legislative changes. Misc Policies are dynamic things, not just static lists of goals or laws. Policy blueprints have to be implemented, often with unexpected results. Social policies are what happens ‘on the ground’ when they are implemented, as well as what happens at the decision making or legislative stage. Different forms of policies include:
There is often a gulf between the concepts and goals that inspire policy and ‘real’ policy, the ugly result of compromise. Implementing policies may have unexpected results. Think Tank s are non-governmental organizations that attempt to develop and influence policy. TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS In Artificial Intelligence planning and ''reinforcement learning'', a policy prescribes a non-empty deliberation (sequence of actions) given a non-empty sequence of states. Types of policy include:
These qualifiers can be combined, so for example you could have a stationary-memoryless-index policy. In Enterprise Architecture for systems design, Policy Appliances are technical control and logging mechanisms to enforce or reconcile policy (systems use) rules and to ensure accountability in Information Systems . REFERENCES
|
|
|