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INTRODUCTION The rating is not intended to be the final word on how a player performs, but is designed to inform the debate. There are several factors that aren't included in the ratings. The most notable is position defense - the part that doesn't involve blocked shots and steals. But factors like durability as well as less tangible ones (leadership, for example) are others that can't be rated numerically. Nevertheless, it's a start, because it takes the statistics that are available and boils them down in a way that's easy to understand. It interprets the things that we do know -- how many shots a player made, how many rebounds, etc. -- in a much more systematic way than any other player rating system to date. The formula, which Hollinger calls the Player Efficiency Rating (PER), adds the good (made shots, steals, assists, rebounds, blocked shots, free throws), and subtracts the bad (missed shots, turnovers, fouls) by assigning a point value to each item (He arrives at the point values in a fairly torturous way, and that's one of the parts he saves for the book). The rating for each player is then adjusted to a per-minute basis (so that, for example, you can compare subs with starters in the frequent 'he should start ahead of so-and-so' debates), and also adjusted for the team's pace. In the end, one number sums up the players' accomplishments (the statistical ones, anyway) for that season. Hollinger has set it up so that the league average, every season, is 15.00, which produces sort of a handy reference guide: REFERENCE GUIDE
CAREER PER LEADERS As of the 2005–06 NBA season ''(Courtesy of Basketball-Reference.com )''
3 David Robinson 26.18 4 Wilt Chamberlain 26.16 5 Bob Pettit 25.41
7 Neil Johnston 24.78 8 Charles Barkley 24.63 9 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 24.58 10 Magic Johnson 24.11
12 Karl Malone 23.89
14 Hakeem Olajuwon 23.59 15 Julius Erving 23.58 16 Larry Bird 23.50
18 Oscar Robertson 23.20
20 Jerry West 22.92 ---
CALCULATION All calculations begin with what is called unadjusted PER (uPER). The formula is:
Where
Once uPER is calculated, it must be adjusted for team pace and normalized to the league to become PER:
This final step takes away the advantage held by players whose teams play a Fastbreak style (and therefore have more possessions and more opportunities to do things on offense), and then sets the league average to 15.00. Also note that it is impossible to calculate PER (at least in the conventional manner described above) for NBA seasons prior to 1978 , as the league did not keep track of turnovers before that year. DISTRIBUTION Hollinger distributes the final PER's at his website, ''Alleyoop.com'', and in his book, the ''Pro Basketball Forecast''. However, for those needing an in-season PER fix, KnickerBlogger.net updates the PER, along with Hollinger's other special stats, daily during the season. EXTERNAL LINKS
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