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  • Igneous petrology focuses on the composition and texture of igneous rocks (rocks such as Granite or Basalt which have crystallized from molten rock or Magma )

  • Sedimentary petrology focuses on the composition and texture of sedimentary rocks (rocks such as Sandstone or Limestone which consist of sedimentary particles bound together in a Matrix of finer material)

  • Metamorphic petrology focuses on the composition and texture of metamorphic rocks (rocks such as Slate or Marble which started out as sedimentary or igneous rocks but which have undergone chemical, mineralogical or textural changes due to extremes of pressure, temperature or both)


Petrology utilizes the classical fields of Mineralogy , microscopic Petrography , and chemical analyses to describe the composition and texture of rocks. Modern petrologists also include the principles of Geochemistry and Geophysics through the studies of geochemical trends and cycles and the use of Thermodynamic data and experiments to better understand the origins of rocks.

See also Important Publications In Petrology