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STRUCTURE Common components of true names given at birth include:
Some people (called anonyms) choose to be Anonymous , that is, to hide their true names, for fear of governmental prosecution or societal ridicule of their works or actions. Another method to disguise one's identity is to employ a Pseudonym . The Inuit believe that the Soul s of the Namesake s are one, so they traditionally refer to the junior namesakes, not just by the names (''atiq''), but also by Kinship title, which applies across gender and generation without implications of disrespect or seniority. In Judaism , someone's name is considered intimately connected with his fate, and adding a name (e.g. on the sickbed) may avert a particular danger. Among Ashkenazi Jews it is also considered bad luck to take the name of a living ancestor, as the Angel Of Death may mistake the younger person for his namesake (although there is no such custom among Sefardi Jews). Depending on national convention, additional Given Name s (and sometimes Title s) are considered part of the name. FEUDAL NAMES The Royalty , Nobility , and Gentry of Europe and Britain traditionally have many names, including phrases for the lands that they own. An example is that of Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch Gilbert du Motier, who is known as the Marquis de Lafayette . Notice that he possessed the lands both of Motier and LAFAYETTE. The French developed the method of putting the term by which the person is referred in Small Capital letters. It is this habit which transferred to names of the Far East, as seen below. Another example is Don QUIXOTE de la Mancha, who is never referred to in literature by the disguising phrase used as the title of the Musical Comedy , Man Of La Mancha . The bare place name was used formerly to refer to the person who owned it, rather than the land itself (e.g., "What will Gloucester do?" meant the Duke of Gloucester). As a development, the bare name of a ship in the Royal Navy meant its captain (e.g., "Cressy didn't learn from Aboukir") while the name with an article referred to the ship (e.g., "The Cressy is foundering"). NAMING CONVENTION In contemporary Western Society (except for Iceland and Hungary ), the most common naming convention is that of a Given Name , usually indicating the child's sex, followed by the parents' Family Name . In earlier times, Scandinavian countries followed patronymic naming, with people effectively called "X son/daughter of Y"; this is now the case only in Iceland. Different cultures have different conventions for personal names. This is a list of articles about particular cultures' naming conventions.
NAME ORDER Since a name is made up of several parts, the order in which those parts are arranged can be significant. The order ''family name, given name'' is known as the eastern order and is used in East Asian cultures such as China , Japan , Korea , Singapore , Taiwan , and Vietnam , as well as in Hungary . The order ''given name, family name'' is known as the '''western order''' and is used in the Americas and Europe. When East Asian names are Transliterated into the Latin Alphabet , some prefer to convert them to western order at the same time, while others leave them in eastern order but write the family name in Capital Letters . To avoid confusion, some always write a family name in capital letters, especially when writing for an international audience. This habit has become very common also in the international language Esperanto . Japanese names of contemporary individuals and Hungarian names are usually "switched" when individuals that have such names are mentioned in media in Western countries; for instance, ''Koizumi Jun'ichirō'' is known as Junichiro Koizumi in English and Puskás Ferenc is known as Ferenc Puskás . Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese names and Japanese names of historical figures are usually left in East Asian order; for instance, Máo Zédōng is known as Mao Zedong in English. Names of Japanese or Chinese sportspeople generally follow the above conventions. For Japanese examples, see Ichiro Suzuki instead of ''Suzuki Ichirō'', or Hidetoshi Nakata instead of ''Nakata Hidetoshi''. As for Chinese sportspeople, ''Yáo Míng'' is Yao Ming and ''Liú Xiáng'' is Liu Xiang in the West. However, names of Korean sportspeople may be rendered in East Asian or Western order in Western countries. The convention in this case apparently varies by sport. For example, names of Korean Football ers and Athletes are usually left in East Asian order (e.g. Ahn Jung-Hwan , Hong Myung-Bo , Park Ji-Sung , Sohn Kee-Chung , Hwang Young-Cho ). Baseball players' names are usually changed to Western order; for example Park Chan-Ho is referred to in the West as Chan-Ho Park . Golf ers' names are also typically switched to Western order; the great woman golfer Pak Se-Ri is known in the West as Se Ri Pak . NONHUMAN PERSONAL NAMES Apart from the Linnaean Taxonomy , some individual nonhuman animals and plants are given names, usually of endearment. In some cultures, Pet s or sporting Animal s are sometimes given names similar to human names. Other cultures, such as the Chinese , give the animals nonhuman names, because it would be offensive and disrespectful to the person of the same name; even cultures that give human names to animals sometimes do so to an ugly animal to insult the bearer of the name. For examples of nonhuman names,
In Bonsai , some plants are given Adjectival names, such as "The Cloud of Joyful Memories." TRIVIA
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