Information AboutPalatalisation |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT PALATALIZATION | |
| assimilation | |
| historical linguistics | |
The second may be the result of the first, but they often differ. That is, a vowel may "palatalize" a consonant (sense 1), but the result might not be a palatalized consonant in the phonetic sense (sense 2). Conversely, the word palatalization may also be used for the effect a Palatal or palatalized ''consonant'' exerts on nearby sounds, as in Erzya , where the front vowel only occurs as an Allophone of [a after a palatalized consonant, as seen in the pronunciation of the name of the language itself, . However, while the ''process'' may be called palatalization, the resulting vowel [æ] is not called a palatalized vowel in the phonetic sense. Terminology such as "palatal vowel" is found, however, but this is primary and not secondary articulation. Phonological description "Pure" palatalization is denoted by a small superscript {Link without Title} in IPA. This is a modification to the articulation of a consonant, where the middle of the tongue is raised, and nothing else. It may produce a Laminal articulation of otherwise Apical consonants such as /t/ and /s/. It is a phonemic feature in some languages; a common misconception is that it's merely allophonic, like in English. Phonemic palatalization is contrasted with either plain or velarized articulation. In Baltic-Finnic Languages , the contrast is with plain consonants, but in Russian, it is with velarized consonants. Phonetically palatalized consonants may vary in their exact realization. Some, but not all languages add offglides or onglides. In Russian , both simply palatalized consonants, and consonants with a long, noticeable palatal offglide are found. Furthermore, /tʲ/ and /dʲ/ have a fricative release. For example, пальто царь [tsarʲ , Катя [katʲa], respectively. In Hupa , on the other hand, the palatalization permeates the consonant, and is heard as both an onglide and an offglide: . Palatalization is not the same as primary palatal articulation. These contrast in Skolt Sami ; e.g. plain (or velarized) alveolar nasal Phonetic (synchronic) palatalization Palatalization may be a Synchronic Phonological process, i.e. some Phoneme s are palatalized in certain contexts, typically before front vowels or especially high front vowels, and remain non-palatalized elsewhere. This is usually phonetic palatalization, as described above, but need not to be. It is usually Allophony , i.e. it may even go unnoticed by native speakers. As an example, compare the /k/ of English ''key'' with the /k/ of ''coo'', or the /t/ of ''tea'' with the /t/ of ''took''. The first word of each pair is palatalized, but few English speakers would perceive them as distinct.
Sometimes palatalization is part of a synchronic grammatical process, such as palatalizing the first consonant of a verb root to signal the past tense. This type of palatalization is phonemic, and is recognized by the speakers as a contrasting feature. However, what may have started off as phonetic palatalization can quickly evolve into something else, so not all of the resulting consonants are necessarily palatalized phonetically. Historical (diachronic) palatalization Palatalization may be a Diachronic phonemic split, that is, a Historical Change by which a phoneme becomes two new phonemes over time through phonetic palatalization. Old historical splits have frequently drifted since the time they occurred, and may be independent of current phonetic palatalization. For example, Votic has undergone such a change historically, in for example ''keeli'' → ''tšeeli'' "language", but there is currently an additional distinction between palatalized laminal and non-palatalized apical consonants. Palatalization has played a major role in the history of the Uralic , Romance , Slavic , Korean , Japanese , Chinese , and Indic languages, among many others throughout the world. In Japanese, for example, allophonic palatalization affected the alveolar stops /t/ and /d/, turning them into alveolo-palatal affricates and before /i/. Japanese has only recently regained phonetic and [di through borrowed words, and thus this originally allophonic palatalization has become lexical. Such phonemic splits due to historic palatalization are common in many other languages. Some English examples of cognate words distinguished by historical palatalization are ''church'' vs. ''kirk'', ''witch'' vs. ''wicca'', ''ditch'' vs. ''dike'', and ''shirt'' vs. ''skirt'', although only in ''witch/wicca'' did the change occur in historical times; in the other cases the words come from related dialects, only one of which experienced palatalization. More recently, the original /t/ of ''question'' and ''nature'' have come to be pronounced as ''ch'' in some English dialects, and similarly the original /d/ of ''soldier'' and ''procedure'' have come to be pronounced as ''j''. This effect can be also be seen in casual speech in some dialects, where ''do you want to go?'' comes out like ''jew wanna go?'', and ''did you eat yet?'' as ''didja eat yet?''. Local uses of the word There are various other local or historical uses of the word. In Slavic linguistics, the "palatal" fricatives marked by a Hacek are really Postalveolar Consonant s that arose from palatalization historically. There are also phonetically palatalized consonants that contrast with this; thus the distinction is made between "palatal" (postalveolar) and "palatalized". "Platalized" does not guarantee it is phonetically palatalized; e.g. in Russian, when 'т' undergoes a so-called "palatalization", a palatalized sibilant offglide is actually added, as in тема . In Uralic linguistics, "palatalization" has the standard phonetic meaning. , , and , , are distinct phonemes, as they are in the Slavic languages, but and are not considered either palatal or palatalized sounds. In particular, the Uralic palatalized is purely a stop, unlike the Russian "palatalized т", where audible frication is permitted. In using the Latin alphabet for Uralic languages, palatalization is typically denoted with an acute accent, as in Võro <ś>; an apostrophe, as in Karelian SEE ALSO
REFERENCES
EXTERNAL LINKS
|
|
|