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The simplest oxygen concentrator's capable of continuous deliver of oxygen have internal functions based around two cylinders, filled with a Zeolite material, which selectively Absorb the Nitrogen in the air. Each cycle, one cylinder is brought up to around 20 lbf/in² (138 kPa, or 1.36 atmospheres) while the other cylinder is brought down to 0 lbf/in² (0 Pa), allowing the captured nitrogen to dissipate. Typical units have cycles of around 20 seconds, and allow for a continuous supply of oxygen at a flow rate of up to approximately five Liters per minute at concentrations anywhere from 50 to 95 %. In both clinical and emergency care situations, oxygen concentrators have the advantage of not being as dangerous as Oxygen Cylinder s, which can, if ruptured or leaking, explosively increase the combustion of a fire. As such, oxygen concentrators are particularly advantageous in Military or Disaster situations, where oxygen tanks may be dangerous or infeasible. Indeed, oxygen concentrators are sufficiently non-volatile that they are sometimes leased to individual patients as a prescription item for use in their homes, such as an adjunct to CPAP treatment of severe Sleep Apnea . These devices are currently in use by the US Military in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan , as part of the equipment complement of forward surgical teams. Common models retail at around 800 USD , and require the authorization of a Doctor for purchase. Leasing arrangements may be available through various medical supply companies and/or insurance agencies. SOURCES
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